Resurrection plants are a polyphyletic group of angiosperms which display true desiccation tolerance - the ability to survive near complete loss of cellular water for extended periods, while recovering metabolic competence upon watering. This is achieved by employing tailored protection behaviours depending on the relative state of (de)hydration. Recent work has raised interest in desiccation associated changes related to tissue destiny in desiccation tolerant vegetative tissues. In this thesis, physiological and transcriptomic techniques were used to characterize such a phenomenon in the homoiochlorophyllous dicot resurrection plant Craterostigma pumilum. Detailed phenotypic observation and pulse-amplitude-modulation fluorometry were used to identify the critical water contents at which key physiological changes occur in leaves of C. pumilum and how this relates to desiccation-associated differentiation between leaf Tip and Base tissues. This was followed by transcriptomic analyses and comparison between these two tissues, to identify potentially key processes involved in desiccation associated tissue differentiation. All findings were then synthesised with existing information reported on for other resurrection plant species to create a theoretical model of desiccation-associated tissue differentiation. This differentiation phenomenon is shown to be transcriptionally initiated during the desiccation commitment stage of the C. pumilum dehydration cycle but is only realised phenotypically during early rehydration and after initial water movement through the leaf tissues. This work provides strong evidence for the existence of desiccation-associated tissue differentiation in C. pumilum and highlights the potential involvement of the phytohormone auxin in the determination of leaf tissue responses to progressive dehydration and anhydrobiosis in resurrection plants.