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Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-07-13T19:53:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samuel Nascimento Nunes - 2016.pdf: 1360269 bytes, checksum: cf4cac437479400d2487692196f0e700 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-14T13:33:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samuel Nascimento Nunes - 2016.pdf: 1360269 bytes, checksum: cf4cac437479400d2487692196f0e700 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T13:33:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samuel Nascimento Nunes - 2016.pdf: 1360269 bytes, checksum: cf4cac437479400d2487692196f0e700 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Plant inhabiting mites are little known in Natural Ecosystems since the most studies with these animals were held in agroecosystems. Cerrado biome presents several phytophysiognomic types with distinct environmental characteristics, ranging from open areas (Campo Cerrado) to forest (Cerradão). The phytophysiognomy can be crucial in organizing assemblage of plant-dwelling arthropods because they have differences in physical and chemical characteristics of the microenvironment, and in the floristic composition, richness and abundance of plant species. In the present study we evaluated Cerrado vegetation structure effect in the organization of mites assemblage on Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana plants from Emas National Park, which represent the largest Cerrado protected area. We sampled 21 10x10 m-plots, being 12 distributed in Campo Cerrado (CC) and nine in Cerrado Sentido Restrito (CSR). In each plot, one M. albicans individual was marked for mite sample, preferably, those located closer to the plot center. We collected 10 leaves around median extract canopy of each marked plant, which in turn were washed in 70 % alcohol for extracting mites. In the laboratory, the mites were observed under dissecting microscopy, mounted on microscope slides and identified under phase constrast microscopy. We sampled a total of 463 mites, being 347 in CSR and 116 in CC, distributed in 44 species and 14 families. We reported three genera for the first time to Brazil, namely, Phytoptipalpus (Tenuipalpidae), Paraciota (Eriophyidae) e Idiolorryia (Tydeidae). Miconia albicans plants from Cerrado Sentido Restrito showed greater richness and abundance of mites than those in Campo Cerrado. These results were significant when all mites were analyzed together and also when only considered the phytophagous mites. These results can be explained by two mechanisms: (i) Cerrado Sentido Restrito presents greater host plant richness and abundance, what allowed support more individuals, and consequently greater species richness; or (ii) plants from Campo Cerrado have greater leaf toughness, which difficult the establishment and development of phytophagous mites on their leaves, thus interfering in occurrence and abundance of other trophic levels. Therefore, the vegetation structure and leaf characteristics, typical of each vegetation formation, may have been decisive in occurrence and establishment of mites on M. albicans leaves, mainly for Phytophagous. / Os ácaros plantícolas são poucos conhecidos em ecossistemas naturais, uma vez que a maioria dos estudos com esses animais é realizada em sistemas agrícolas. No Bioma Cerrado são encontrados vários tipos fitofisionômicos com distintas características ambientais, variando desde áreas abertas (campo cerrado) às florestais (cerradão). A fitofisionomia pode ser determinante na organização da assembleia de artrópodes plantícolas por apresentarem diferenças nas características físico-químicas do microambiente, na composição florística, riqueza e abundância de espécies vegetais. No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito da estrutura da vegetação do Cerrado na organização da assembleia de ácaros em plantas de Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana no Parque Nacional das Emas, que é a maior unidade de conservação deste Bioma brasileiro. Avaliamos 21 parcelas, sendo 12 em áreas de Campo Cerrado (CC) e nove em Cerrado Sentido Restrito (CSR). Em cada parcela foi marcado um indivíduo de M. albicans, preferencialmente, aquele localizado mais próximo ao centro da parcela. Foram coletadas 10 folhas ao redor do extrato mediano da copa de cada planta marcada, que por sua vez, foram lavadas em álcool 70% para extração dos ácaros. Em laboratório, os ácaros foram triados, montados em lâminas de microscopia e identificados sob microscópio com contraste de fases. Foi amostrado um total de 463 ácaros, sendo 347 em CSR e 116 em CC, distribuídos em 44 espécies e 14 famílias. Três gêneros foram relatados pela primeira vez para o Brasil, sendo eles Phytoptipalpus (Tenuipalpidae), Paraciota (Eriophyidae) e Idiolorryia (Tydeidae). Plantas de M. albicans de Cerrado Sentido Restrito apresentaram maior riqueza e abundância de ácaros do que aquelas em Campo Cerrado. Esses resultados foram significativos quando todos os ácaros foram analisados em conjunto e também quando somente os fitófagos foram considerados. Os resultados encontrados podem ser explicados por dois mecanismos: (i) Cerrado Sentido Restrito apresenta maior riqueza e abundância de plantas hospedeiras, o que possibilita a ocorrência de maior número de indivíduos de ácaros, e consequentemente uma maior riqueza de espécies; (ii) As plantas de Campo Cerrado apresentam maior dureza foliar, o que dificulta o estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de ácaros fitófagos sobre as plantas hospedeiras, interferindo dessa maneira na ocorrência e abundância dos demais níveis tróficos. Portanto, a estrutura da vegetação e as características foliares, que variaram entre as fitofisionomias avaliadas, podem ter sido determinantes na ocorrência e estabelecimento de ácaros em M. albicans, principalmente para os fitófagos.

Exotic species alter the streamside plant community by changing the resources available to the stream food web, causing cascading changes throughout the entire aquatic ecosystem. To better understand the impacts of exotic litter species on stream communities, investigations were made at global and local levels. A meta-analysis was performed to understand which environmental and litter quality factors impact native and exotic litter decay rates on the global scale. It was found that exotic species are likely to decay faster than native species at larger mesh sizes, and in warm temperature environments because high quality exotic leaves have a lower C:N ratio than native leaves. An urban litter decay experiment in Victoria, B.C. streams contrasting Alnus rubra, Salix sitchensis, Hedera sp., Rubus armeniacus and plastic trash found that trash decays more slowly than leaf litter, but leaf species all decay at the same rate, and stream invertebrates colonize all litter types equally. Significant differences in litter decay rates and invertebrate community alpha and Shannon diversities were also observed across the four different streams. The more that is learned about the impacts of exotic leaf litter, the better we are able to respond to keep streams as healthy and as biodiverse as possible. / Graduate / 2017-08-10 / 0329 / 0793 / kimkenn@uvic.ca