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The thesis concerns the persistent coupling of formal and informal industrial relations within a particular manufacturing company. At first, the company's formal structure of industrial relations was heavily tempered by the operation of informal cross cutting ties. The resultant system of industrial relations was one that might be regarded as a hybrid, integrating formal and informal networks of relationships within the organization of the factory. The quite discernible ethos of informality or paternalism remained largely unchallenged by the rather facilitating political conditions that prevailed at the time. However, the political climate has, in the last decade or so, been subject to considerable pressure that has resulted in some far reaching and fundamental changes to the political order of the country. The emergent political conditions have enforced upon the company the need for change. The essence of such changes were perceived to hinge upon the transformation of the company's system of industrial relations. The transformation entailed the establishment of a more overtly formal system of industrial relations, separating the formal and informal relations which had becomes inextricably entwined. However, the objectives of such changes were never quite achieved. The distinction between the formal and informal industrial relations remained submerged in the melee of intergroup contestation. The various interest groups in the factory context appropriated the division between formal and informal industrial relations, enabling these groups to phrase their industrial strategies within an idiom most contextually appropriate. What emerged was an extension of this tendency to merge formal and informal industrial relations. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1995.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_vc_me_bauru.pdf: 1410895 bytes, checksum: 783c817989ba5ae016b9c944f47d670f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Atualmente, aspectos como responsabilidade social e gestão ambiental emergem como fatores fundamentais para a gestão de uma empresa. Com o advento do desenvolvimento sustentável, a comunidade como um todo passou a exigir uma postura de responsabilidade social e ambiental por parte de seus fornecedores, perante a necessidade urgente de racionalizar a utilização dos recursos naturais, cada vez mais escassos, e de solucionar problemas sociais gravíssimos, muitas vezes criados pelas próprias organizações. Diante desse novo paradigma, definiu-se como objetivo para esta pesquisa compreender a prática da responsabilidade sócio-ambiental empreendida pelas indústrias coureiras do pólo industrial de Franca-SP, buscando apreender os aspectos da ação empresarial que possibilitem mitigar impactos ambientais e contribuir de forma concreta em áreas relacionadas com a comunidade. Para tanto, traçou-se os principais aspectos da responsabilidade sócio-ambiental empresarial permitindo visualizá-las como pilares para a sustentabilidade das organizações. Desenvolveu-se uma estrutura teórica que norteou os objetivos propostos para a elaboração deste trabalho, no qual foram abordados alguns instrumentos de gestão social e ambiental, tais como os indicadores ETHOS de Responsabilidade Social, certificações e selos voltados à questão sócio-ambiental, licenciamentos e legislações ambientais, Produção mais Limpa, ISO 14000 e a abordagem sistêmica. Estes instrumentos permitiram delinear a postura e as ações de responsabilidade social e ambiental praticadas pelas indústrias coureiras. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa exploratória realizada em 12 empresas permitiram, de forma geral, perceber que os empresários das indústrias calçadistas de Franca possuem uma postura reativa frente aos novos paradigmas de gestão sociais... / At present, aspects like social responsability and environmental management emerge as fundamental factors for company management. With the advent of sustainable development, the community as a whole began to demand a social and environmental responsability position on the part of suppliers in face of the urgent need to ration the use of increasingly scarcer natural resources and to solve very serious social problems, often created by the organizations themselves. In face of this new paradigm, the objective of this paper is to understand the practice of social-environmental responsability, carried out by the leather industries.

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M.Com. (Business Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Content: Sustainability and transparency of the leather industry are increasingly important factors for the sector’s clients as well as final consumers, looking for quality products that are also sustainable in all tiers of the production process. In this sense, certification and labelling processes are tools that grant visibility to the positive practices of manufacturers and their suppliers. In Brazil, through an unprecedented tanneries initiative conducted by the Centre for the Brazilian Tanning Industry (CICB), a certification for the leather production process was created. The Brazilian Leather Certification of Sustainability (CSCB) counts on the participation of the various links in the production chain. Using the concept of the sustainability tripod, CSCB considers the results of tanneries in economic, environmental and social aspects. A sustainable tannery develops its activities with positive economic results, seeking to reduce inherent environmental impact of its activities, providing better working conditions to employees and respecting the surrounding community. Since the starting point of its creation (2012), CSCB has reached many results concerning process’ improvements in the industry, quitting wastage and getting efficiency in indicators. As the CSCB practices are inside more than 20 tanneries all over Brazil (some of them amongst the biggest in the country, covering a big part of the Brazilian leather production, which is one the hugest in the world) these findings are extremely important and must be shared with whole industry. The certification process is based on implementation and compliance with principles, criteria, and indicators established by standards developed by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) and audited by certification institutes accredited by The National Metrology, Quality, and Technology Institute (Inmetro), signatory to the mutual recognition agreement within the framework of the International Accreditation Forum (IAF) and the International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC). These agreements guarantee the international validation and recognition of CSCB. Tanneries are certified according to how well they meet the standards, being granted an identification seal for sustainable processes, guaranteeing the transparency of Brazilian leather suppliers. Take-Away: Sustainability as a tool for efficiency in the leather industry Results on the last years of work of the Brazilian Leather Certification of Sustainability (CSCB) Sustainability indicators on Brazilian tannery work

Content: In today’s business environment, organisations are increasingly reporting their sustainability credentials through different channels. However, in a traditional industry with a complex supply chain as leather, many companies do not publicly disclose details of their sustainability activities, while a considerable number of companies report on the environmental sustainability aspect alone. Hence, this study identifies good practices of sustainability reporting, discussing the sustainability information extracted from the reports of a selected number of companies in the leather industry. A thematic content analysis was used to extract sustainability information from either the website, annual report, sustainability report or corporate social responsibility report of six leather companies. A review of existing literature assisted in categorising different practices under the three sustainability dimensions while a highlight of patterns among practices followed. The results show that the companies are observing a good practice of either dedicating a section of their website to revealing their sustainability activities or utilising their sustainability reports. Additionally, these companies follow a good practice of reporting their activities based on the economic, social and environmental sustainability dimensions, rather than focusing on just one of the aspects. Amongst the six companies, energy efficiency and reduction in greenhouse gases emission were the most occurring environmental sustainability practices. On the other hand, health and safety occurred as the dominant social sustainability practice of the leather industry, while economic sustainability practices have not been well defined, providing an opportunity for future research. Conclusively, the study provides a useful resource for managers and companies in the leather industry to learn from brands that have been embarking on sustainability efforts and assist them in getting a grasp of the concept, in readiness for strategy formulation, implementation and reporting. This study provides knowledge of the sustainability criteria to be met by small, medium sized and large leather supply chain actors on their sustainability journey. Take-Away: 1. The companies are observing a good practice of either dedicating a section of their website to revealing their sustainability activities or utilising their sustainability reports. 2. The companies also follow a good practice of reporting their activities based on the economic, social and environmental sustainability dimensions, rather than focusing on just one of the aspects. 3. Energy efficiency and reduction in greenhouse gases emission were the most popular environmental sustainability practices, health and safety was the dominant social sustainability practice while economic sustainability practices have not been well defined.

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This thesis reports the extent of the tanning industry in Utah from 1847 to 1973 and explains the relationship of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with this industry.The tanning industry was essential to the survival of the pioneer communities in Utah until the coming of the railroad in 1869. Two important factors affecting this industry were external competition and Church support. In fact, the industry survived eastern competition because it was Church-supported. However, all Church support ended in the early 1900's, and except for a few businesses which soon ceased operation, the tanning industry in Utah came to an end. After 1904 all known Utah ventures in the tanning industry ended for a period of time.Some efforts were made to revive this industry in 1934, but they met with negligible success. In 1948 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints commenced a tanning industry which operated successfully and was eventually turned over to private ownership in 1965. Four other privately owned tanneries have since begun in Utah.