Carbohydrates are prominent and accessible polymers found on the cell-surface and represent the first interface with the extracellular environment. The enormous diversity of cell-surface carbohydrates is recognized as a high-density coding language that mediates molecular recognition between cells. In the case of bacteria-host interactions, both bacterial glycans and glycan-binding proteins (lectins) are important in fine-tuning the biological response. The nature of these interactions is unique, with affinity and specificity determined by multiple low-affinity binding events between lectins and carbohydrates. Thus, the analysis of lectin-glycan interactions on a systems level is an important and necessary step towards understanding the role of glycosylation in bacteria-host communication. This dissertation describes work pioneering the application of lectin microarrays to the analysis of bacterial glycosylation. Lectin microarrays represent a new glycomics approach for the high-throughput analysis of bacterial glycans. This approach is non-destructive and allows rapid profiling of intact bacterial surfaces. Lectin microarray analysis of fluorescently-labeled bacteria provides a visual binding pattern representing the glycosylation profile of the cell-surface. These lectin-binding profiles can be compared and used to distinguish bacterial strains based on glycosylation. In the course of examining a pathogenic strain, we discover a major limitation of the lectin microarray technology. The majority of plant lectins present on the array are post-translationally modified with carbohydrates, leading to potential false positives due to binding by bacterial lectins. Unexpectedly, this limitation provides the rationale for creating a recombinant lectin panel using bacteria as the source. We define the glycan-binding specificity of the bacterial lectins using both carbohydrate microarrays and ELISA, leading to the discovery of new specificities. The recombinant panel is then used to create the first recombinant lectin microarray, demonstrating that bacterial lectins in an array format are capable of analyzing glycosylated samples. Therefore, the studies on bacterial glycans have led to the development of new tools for carbohydrate analysis, a necessary step towards understanding the structure-function relationship of carbohydrates in nature. / text

Thesis (P.h.D.)--UCLA, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-128).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Lui, Wai Ting. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-106). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Content --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xi / Publications --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Innate Immunity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Immunity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Surface Barriers --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Cell-mediated Innate Immunity --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Humoral Innate Immunity --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Complement System --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Classical Pathway --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Alternative Pathway --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The lectin pathway --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Lectins --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Mannose binding lectin --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Ficolin --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- L-ficolin --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- H-ficolin --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- M-ficolin --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Innate Immunity in Pregnancy --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1 --- Immune challenge --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Natural Antimicrobials --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell-mediated Immunity --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Humoral Immunity --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Current Study --- p.20 / Chapter 3.1 --- Aim and Objectives --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- General Methodology --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Pattern recognition lectins in maternal liver and lung --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Animals --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Protein extraction --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Antibodies --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Western Blot --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Temporal expression of lectins in maternal liver in mice --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Temporal expression of lectins in maternal lung in mice --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Spatial expression of lectins in maternal liver in mice --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Spatial expression of lectins in maternal lung in mice --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Pattern recognition lectins in endometrium --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.43 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Animals --- p.43 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.45 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.48 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Pattern recognition lectins in maternal-fetal interface --- p.51 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.51 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Animals --- p.52 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.55 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.55 / Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.58 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Pattern recognition lectins in preeclampsia --- p.60 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 7.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.62 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Patients --- p.62 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Protein extraction --- p.63 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Western Blot --- p.63 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Lectin immunohistochemistry --- p.64 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Apoptosis immunohistochemistry --- p.65 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results --- p.66 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Expression levels of ficolins in normal and preeclamptic placenta --- p.67 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Spatial expression of ficolins in normal and preeclamptic placenta --- p.68 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Co-localization of Fas and ficolins in preeclamptic placenta --- p.69 / Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.71 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Pattern recognition lectins in miscarriage --- p.76 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.76 / Chapter 8.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.77 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Patients --- p.77 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.78 / Chapter 8.3 --- Results --- p.79 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Spatial expression of lectins in normal placenta and placenta from miscarriage patients --- p.80 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Spatial expression of lectins in normal decidua and decidua from miscarriage patients --- p.86 / Chapter 8.4 --- Discussion --- p.92 / Chapter 8.5 --- Conclusion --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Future plan --- p.94 / References --- p.96

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1996. / School of Dentistry, Program in Oral Biology. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1996. / School of Dentistry, Program in Oral Biology. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1996. / School of Dentistry, Program in Oral Biology. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1996. / School of Dentistry, Program in Oral Biology. Includes bibliographical references.

Yin, Cuiming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-135). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Australian National University, 2004. / "This CD contains the software (mostly written in Perl) used for comparative structure analysis reported in Chapter 4 (str_comp directory), and for the CTLD database system described in Chapter 2 (CTLD_DB directory)."