In this thesis I argue that race, culture and imperialism intersect with gender at the site of refugee law to produce 'racialized and exotic others.' These exotic others are refugee women whose differences from refugee decision makers in destination countries are made crucial to their refugee claims by refugee lawyers, decision makers and the system of refugee determination. I use a comparative methodology to examine the gender guidelines for refugee decision makers and selected key cases from Canada, the United States and Australia. The gender guidelines represent a human rights approach to refugee law. I critique the guidelines and relevant cases from an anti-essential ist perspective informed by postcolonial, feminist and critical race theory. My discussion is organized by contrasting 'exotic harms,' transgression of social mores and female genital cutting, with treatment of 'familiar harms', domestic violence and sexual assault. I aim to show how the distinctions between the exotic and the familiar are founded on orientalist notions about other women in other places. I seek to suggest strategies for refugee advocates, decision makers and academic lawyers to avoid perpetuating orientalist notions of other countries and other cultures. I conclude, however, that refugee law is a limited project whose solutions to the problems faced by refugee claimants can only ever be incomplete. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

Die navorsingsondersoek is toegespits op tug en straf as agogiese fenomene. Besinning oor tug en straf in pedagogiese, juridiese en ander lewensituasies bring die verband tussen modi van menswees en oorsake van oortredings aan die lig. Juridies-agogiese aspekte van tug is met die pedagogiese vergelyk. 'n Bespreking van tersaaklike statutere bepalings ten opsigte van tugmaatreels en lyfstraf in die onderwyssituasie het aan die lig gebring dat lyfstraf met die grootste versigtigheid en verantwoordelikheid toegepas moet word. Menseregte, strafteoriee wat die doel van straf aandui en alternatiewe vir lyfstraf wat die menswaardigheid van die oortreder bewaar, word bespreek. 'n Moontlike verloop van die strafhandeling is aan die lig gebring. Hierdie verloop beklemtoon dat straf, en veral lyfstraf, nie noodwendig deel van tug hoef te wees nie, omdat tug 'n begeleidingshandeling is. / The research concentrated on discipline (admonishment) and punishment as agogic phenomena. Consideration of discipline and punishment in pedagogic, judicial and other situations in life discloses the connection between modes of being human and reasons for transgressions. Judicial-agogic discipline are compared to pedagogic aspects. A discussion of relevant statutory stipulations relating to disciplinary measures and corporal punishment should either be applied with the greatest care and responsibility or else abolished. Human rights, punishment theories specifying the aim of punishment, and alternatives for corporal punishment which maintain the human dignity of the transgressor are discussed. A possible course of punitive action is revealed. This course stresses that punishment, especially corporal punishment, need not necessarily be part of discipline because discipline is accompaniment. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Fundamentele Pedagogiek)

Text in Afrikaans / This study aims at determining the value which is attributed to a wife's household actions in terms of section 7(3)-(6) of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979. The nature, quantity and quality of a wife's contribution are discussed on the basis of various decided cases and on the basis of factors which influence the extent of the redistribution of assets. The comments of various writers on sections 7(3)-(6) of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 are also discussed. Since there are few decided cases in South Africa which are relevant to this study, a number of foreign legal systems are looked at by way of comparison to determine possible directional trends with regard to the value of a wife's services in the household. / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die waarde van die vrou se dienste in die huishouding te bepaal binne die konteks van eise ingevolge artikels 7(3)-(6) van die Wet op Egskeiding 70 van 1979. Die aard, kwantiteit en kwaliteit van die vrou se bydrae word bespreek aan die hand van regspraak en aan die hand van faktore wat 'n invloed op die omvang van die herverdeling van bates het. Verskeie outeurs se kritiek teen artikels 7(3)-(6) van die Wet op Egskeiding 70 van 1979 word ook bespreek. Aangesien daar in die konteks van hierdie studie min Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak is, word 'n aantal buitelandse regstelsels vergelykenderwys bespreek om moontlike rigtinggewende neigings ten opsigte van die waarde van die vrou se dienste in die huishouding te bepaal. / Private Law / LL. M.

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

<p>Although the concept of human rights is very much accepted as part of human existence throughout the world today, there is still much controversy surrounding the idea of rights for children. The Constitution, however, not only recognises the fact that like all other members of society, children are capable of being bearers of human rights but emphasises also the special position of children in society by granting them specific rights in the Constitution. Health rights are particularly important for children as the entitlements and obligations created by such rights are necessary for children to realise their full potential. In this thesis the entitlements and obligations attached to children'shealth service rights in the COnstitution are explored.</p>

<p>This paper sought to discuss the questions whether refugees have the right to return to their country of origin and whether their participation in the political life of that country may be used as a means to realise their right to return.</p>

In a 3-year timeframe, nearly 800 student negligence suits were filed, and most involved some claim of personal injury. Despite heightened public attention of negligence lawsuits against school districts and their employees, an empirical study of court decisions revealed that the volume of litigation against school districts remained steady from 1990 to 2005, the majority of cases were ruled in favor of the school district employees, and government and official immunity were most often the basis for these rulings. Researchers have concluded that immunity laws are strong in the United States, although they vary by state in their application. However, a primary recommendation was that, because of the misconception of a lack of immunity for public school employees, a comprehensive study on governmental and official immunity is needed. This dissertation employed legal research, analysis, and methodology to engage in a comprehensive investigation of teacher immunity in the four southern states of Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, and New Mexico. Of central concern to this dissertation was the Tort Claims Act of 1978 from the State of New Mexico. The Tort Claims Act is the vehicle by which immunity is granted to public school employees. Court findings over the last 35 years point to three primary domains under which cases pertaining to immunity fall: negligence (62.5%), evaluation and supervision (16.7%), and student discipline (8.3%). Immunity appears strong across all three domains; however, only future studies on cases by state will determine whether states in the southwest United States are the norm or an anomaly.

The main aim of the thesis is to provide explanation of the legal status of the neighbours in the procedures under the Building Act while working with the contemporary literature and the established practice of the courts. The first part of the thesis is devoted to a description of basic concepts. The first chapter explains the concept of structure and plot. The second chapter is describing the concept of neighbour and the evolution of the concept in detail to provide the best means of understanding the possible problems of the concept's interpretations. The final chapter of the first part explores the means of neighbour's defence against interferences of his rights connected with his real estate with special attention to the essentials of objections, as these are the main mean of said defence, while the factual content of the objections is explained in later chapters within the boundaries of individual procedures. The second part is divided into four chapters each dedicated to a certain field of procedures under the Building Act while focusing the neighbour's point of view. The first chapter describes the application for a planning permission procedure and its alternatives: the public law contract, the simplified procedure and the planning consent. The second chapter follows on with the building...

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1923 B874 / Master of Science

La recherche a pour objet l'étude du statut juridique et social des intermédiaires en matière immobilière, afin d'envisager des perspectives d'évolutions concrètes. Les intermédiaires jouent un rôle essentiel dans les opérations immobilières et l'accompagnement des usagers profanes, mais le statut de ces professionnels est encore flou et souffre d'une image dégradée en France. L'intermédiaire, professionnel œuvrant activement pour la réalisation d'opérations portant sur les biens immobiliers d'autrui, se trouve aujourd'hui confronté à une crise législative et à une concurrence nationale et internationale de plus en plus présente. Face à ces éléments, l'intermédiaire français est entré dans une période de remise en question et de réflexions sur son orientation juridique et professionnelle. Cette recherche permet de dresser le constat du statut juridique et social des intermédiaires en France, dont il ressort de nombreuses problématiques qui limitent l'exercice même de l'activité. Avec la prise en compte du droit positif, des récentes évolutions législatives, mais également par une approche de droit comparé et des influences socio-économiques pragmatiques, l'étude offre des perspectives d'évolutions en faveur des intermédiaires pour faire face aux problématiques rencontrées. L'étude propose plusieurs pistes de réflexions et des solutions concrètes en vue de faire évoluer le statut des intermédiaires et de leur donner des outils juridiques suffisamment efficaces, en adéquation avec les besoins des contemporains en matière immobilière. / The aim of this research is to study the social and legal status of intermediaries in the real estate sector in order to envisage perspectives for real change. Intermediaries play an essential role in real estate operations and the accompaniment of uninitiated users, but the status of these professionals is still vague and suffers from a poor image in France. Intermediaries are professionals who work actively to carry out operations on the real estate property of third parties. Today, they are faced with a legislative crisis and increasingly present national and international competition. In light of this, French intermediaries have entered a period of questioning and reflection with regard to their legal and professional orientation. This research makes it possible to review the social and legal status of intermediaries in France, for whom there are a number of issues that limit the very exercise of their profession. Taking into account positive law and recent legislative changes, as well as a comparative law approach and pragmatic social and economic influences, this research proposes perspectives for change in favour of the intermediaries to help them face up to the problems they encounter. The study proposes several avenues for reflection, as well as practical solutions for bringing about change in the status of intermediaries, giving them sufficiently effective legal tools that are adapted to contemporary needs in terms of real estate.