Since the late 1970s, archaeology has grown into an industry whose practitioners work in both public and private sectors. As an industry, modern archeology is commonly known as Cultural Resources Management, or CRM. CRM emerged from a surplus of employment opportunities made available to archeologists after the passing of National heritage legislation. This legislation defines the importance of discovering, documenting, and recovering the places and objects associated with people and events important to United States' history. As there are many different people who are considered to be important to United States' history (e.g., past presidents, Native Americans), there are as many different archeologists seeking to participate in its interpretation, each with various educational and experience backgrounds. While CRM has been successful in partially piecing back together history, its practitioners confront numerous challenges. These challenges are often associated with meeting the standards outlined by the legislation but also include challenges associated with industry personnel. In some cases, the industry's efforts to meet these standards have led to labor problems. As a result, many CRM employees today see a separation between industry managers and industry laborers that has made it increasingly difficult to fulfill the goals of the legislation and to ultimately contribute to our understanding of the past. Primarily, the role and contribution of field technicians to CRM is being debated by many CRM practitioners. This thesis explores the relationship between the two primary CRM personnel parties - the managers and laborers in an effort to define the labor problems confronting CRM personnel, how they have evolved, and what solutions are available to them (both managers and laborers). To this end, I surveyed industry managers and field technicians to better understand how each perceives the role of field technicians. Challenges confronting CRM personnel will be shown to partially stem from low industry wages, deficient safety policies and procedures, out-dated academic curricula, and a lack of communication between managers and field technicians. Investigations of the relationship between management and labor provide a unique opportunity to explore a multitude of questions related to CRM employment over the past two decades and in the future. / Graduation date: 2001

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No description available.

A study of 160 legal cases involving sanitary engineering facilities was made. Each case was read, summarized, and commented upon by the writer. Emphasis was placed on the engineering information contained in each case, with discussion of legal principles which pertain to the particular engineering situation. The case discussions were then categorized as to the predominant engineering topic involved and arranged accordingly. The purpose of this arrangement by engineering topic, rather than the usual legal topic, was to make available to the engineering profession a reference which will enable the engineer to better obtain information regarding a specific situation. Prior to this presentation, references have categorized these cases within over four-hundred legal topics. Litigation directly or indirectly involving sanitary engineering facilities has increased over the last twenty years, partially in response to an increased awareness of water pollution. The cases reflect the regional differences in legal philosophy. More state courts recognize the liability of engineers. Much litigation can be avoided by the engineering profession's recognition that adequate supervision and inspection of construction, knowledge of subsurface conditions, and the use of correct contract and specification language are integral parts of the sanitary engineer's professional responsibilities. Engineering colleges should offer more training in those areas. / M. S.

Section 263A was added to the Internal Revenue Code by the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This code section applies inventory capitalization rules more uniformly across many industries and strictly increases the cost charged to inventory for tax purposes by increasing the number of cost allocations required [Seago, 1987]. The Treasury thought the changes would increase the economic efficiency of the tax system. These changes, called uniform capitalization, are analyzed by a mathematical model in this dissertation. The results reverse the conventional wisdom of the Treasury and show that the changes lead to less, not more efficient behavior and, under some reasonable assumptions, this inefficiency leads to decreases in inventory holding and production. This dissertation contains the development of a mathematical model of uniform capitalization, performs an economic analysis of the model, and advances the conclusion that uniform capitalization causes productively inefficient behavior. The provisions of §263A that required more costs to be allocated and more industries to be covered created the inefficiency. The results show that the rules are uniform, but uniformly bad, because productive efficiency is decreased. The uniformity of the system is not the problem. The increased number of cost allocations required is the problem with §263A. Uniform capitalization has no affect on allocative efficiency because it changes the tax treatment of input, not outputs. This dissertation also contains the development of a mathematical model of firm output and inventory holding decisions and advances the conclusion that under LIFO inventory and some reasonable cost assumptions, production and inventory holding decrease because the inefficient tax act increases production costs. The mathematical results are consistent with the intuition developed. / Ph. D.

Federal employment law designed to assure equal employment opportunity for faculty has only been applicable to higher education since 1972. Prior to 1972, the higher education world, moreover, was immune from the most comprehensive federal employment law, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, Title VII was amended in 1972 to include education institutions. Ever since the protection of the civil rights law was extended to higher education, faculty employment discrimination litigation has increased. The reality of this phenomenal growth in litigation is clear, the potential for judicial intervention in academic decision making is undeniable, and reliance on the judicial process is increasingly becoming common. Thus, no institution of higher education may consider itself immune from the possibilities of litigation, nor immune from the decisions handed down by the courts. The main focus of this study was a legal one, which necessitated a heavy concentration upon the historical and current state of employment discrimination law, specifically, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The study was conducted by using a combination of legislative analysis and legal research methods. The legal research methods used in this study included the same problem-solving processes as other traditional research methods: (1) collecting data; (2) analysis; and (3) interpretation. The main purpose of this study was to examine, analyze, and summarize legislative history and case law relevant to Title VII, and sex discrimination in higher education. In summary, although Title VII prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex and national origin, the issues surrounding women faculty and sex discrimination is probably the fastest growing area of litigation for administrators on the university campus. Therefore, this study was an attempt to examine the employment discrimination issues and developments pertaining to sex discrimination only. College and university administrators may find this study useful for: (1) examining Title VII, and its amendments; (2) examining sex discrimination case law; and (3) utilizing the research for developing procedures, policies and guidelines to minimize potential lawsuits. / Ed. D.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1966 F917

published_or_final_version / Business / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis. 1975. B.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / Bibliography: leaves 74-75. / by Kenneth J. Isaacson. / B.S.