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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 436056 bytes, checksum: 47e086e4a7ae05f15c2265454fa9d071 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The decision level to control the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, is based upon sampling damaged berries during the transition period of adult movement from berry to berry. Damaged berries include those that are from the following locations; fallen on the ground, post-harvest drying stage, remaining fruit on the plants and from neighboring coffee fields. Current sampling techniques, for determining control measures, are time consuming, giving the grower a small window of opportunity for control measures. Aiming to determine new action levels for H. hampei in coffee fields and the correlation between infestation levels and trapping of coffee berry borer, trials were carried out on four commercial coffee fields in 2005 and 2006, by using IAPAR traps baited with ethanol and methanol at a 1:3 ratio and benzaldehyde at 1% volume, releasing 98 mg/day. Twenty traps/ha were set out on each experimental area. In two fields, the area had 1 ha (20 traps set), another field had 0.75 ha (15 traps set) and the fourth had only 0.3 ha (6 traps set) due to the small size of the field. In three of the fields, trap contents were checked every two weeks and the number of H. hampei were counted as well as the number of other scolytids. In one field the sampling was done every week because of the small size of the area. Fruit from the plants were also sampled to determine percentage of damage in each field. It was noticed that during fruit maturation, between March and July, the catch was very low. Although, the adult catch started increasing sharply in August when the borers started emerging from old berries remaining on the plants and on the ground. A correlation between trap catch and infestation level of H. hampei and other scolytids was determined. The decision level to control coffee berry borer is 4 adults/trap/two weeks when coffee market prices are high and 7 adults/trap/two weeks when coffee market prices are low. During the transit period of adults moving from old to new berries the use of traps, baited with semiochemicals, provides a useful tool in determining threshold in decision level systems for controlling coffee berry borer. Due to their small numbers, other scolytids caught in the traps did not mask the interpretation of obtaining a decision level. / A tomada de decisão de controle da broca-do-café, Hypothenemus hampei, é baseada na avaliação de frutos broqueados na época de trânsito dos adultos. O uso desta técnica de amostragem é oneroso e dá ao cafeicultor pouco tempo para a tomada de decisão de controle, o que constitui problema tanto para pequenos como para grandes produtores. Assim, visando à geração de novos níveis de ação para H. hampei na cultura do café e a correlação entre captura e infestação da broca-do-café, foram conduzidos ensaios em quatro cafezais comerciais em 2005 e 2006, usando-se armadilhas IAPAR invertidas, contendo mistura de etanol e metanol na proporção de 1:3 e benzaldeído a 1% do volume, com taxa de liberação de 98mg/dia. Foram instaladas 20 armadilhas por hectare em cada lavoura. Quinzenalmente estas armadilhas eram recolhidas e contava-se o número de adultos de H. hampei presentes, bem como de adultos de outros Scolytinae. Avaliava-se também nestas datas a percentagem de frutos broqueados em cada lavoura. Verificou-se que é pequena a captura de H. hampei nas armadilhas contendo álcoois nas épocas em que os frutos do cafeeiro já estão bem desenvolvidos, entre março e julho. Entretanto, é grande a captura de H. hampei nas armadilhas contendo atraentes na época de trânsito dos adultos deste inseto-praga, a partir de agosto. Verificou-se também correlação significativa entre a intensidade de ataque de H. hampei aos frutos e da densidade de adultos deste inseto e do total de adultos de Scolytinae nas armadilhas contendo atraentes. O nível de ação para a broca-do-café foi de 4 adultos/armadilha/quinzena, quando o preço do café for alto, ou 7 adultos/armadilha/quinzena, quando o preço do café for baixo. Portanto, na época de trânsito, o uso de armadilha contendo atraentes representa uma ferramenta promissora na geração de nível de ação a ser empregado, em sistemas de tomada de decisão de controle deste insetopraga. O número de outras espécies de escolitídeos capturados nas armadilhas não interferiu na interpretação dos dados de captura da broca-do-café, na tomada de decisão, por ser reduzido.

This master's thesis is engaged in its theoretical part of the description and explanation principles and possibility how to the level measurement. There are clear up individual kinds and types of sensors to the level measurement. Further is described software and hardware which is employing to the measurement or control many systems and circuitry. A practical part consists in suggestion and self realization a model of level measurement including his controlling. Last but not least too creation partly instruction to attendance laboratory workspace and further creation several measuring and control software in the system named Control Web 6. Work is above all focusing on model approach of this problems needs for purposes laboratory teaching.

存取控管(Access Control)是網路應用程式(Web Applications)安全防護中的核心課題。貫徹存取控管的程式碼往往必須嵌入到應用系統的各個模組中，具有橫跨(cross-cutting)的特性，卻也因此常常造成系統中反覆出現類似的程式碼以及不同需求的程式碼夾雜不清的現象。所以學界業界紛紛提出了許多可設定式(configurable)的存取控管機制來解決此一問題。但這些機制都著重在一般功能性(function-level)的存取控管，對於較細緻化(fine-grained)的資料存取(data-level)控管，並未提供設定式的控管方式，還是得透過程式化(programmatic)的方式處理，所以仍然有程式橫跨性的問題。 最近興起的剖面導向程式設計(Aspect-Oriented Programming)基於關注分離的原則(Separation of Concerns)，針對像安全橫跨性的需求，倡議在原有的物件或函式模組外，另以剖面作為這些橫跨性需求的模組單位，既可集中開發又可依規則將安全程式碼整合至系統的各個模組。因此本研究將以AOP技術來設計與製作一套可設定式的細緻化存取控管服務與工具。 / Security is attracting more and more concerns in the development of Web applications. However, it is not easy to derive a robust security implementation for Web applications. The principle difficulty in designing security such as access control into an application system is that it is a concern that permeates through all the different modules of a system. As a result, security concerns in an application are often implemented with scattered and tangled code, which is not only error-prone but also makes it difficult to verify its correctness and perform the needed maintenance. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is a relative new design method that allows a programmer to isolate some of the code that crosscuts his program modules into a separate module, and thus realizes the concept of Separation of Concerns. AOP offers significant advantages to programming over traditional OO techniques in implementing crosscutting concerns such as access control. In this thesis, we define an XML schema for specifying fine-grained access control rules for Web applications in a configuration file and devise an aspect-oriented implementation scheme. Specifically, we develop an aspect synthesis tool that generates concrete access control aspects automatically from access control rules. These aspects, after woven into the base application, will enforce proper access control in a highly modular manner. As a result, we get a configurable implementation of access control that is not only adaptive but also effective.