This study investigated the use of digital technologies in secondary and post-secondary graphic communication education. Specifically it investigated: 1) the extent to which graphic communication educators utilized digital technologies in conjunction with instruction; 2) how selected factors affected graphic communication teachers' implementation of digital technologies in their instruction; and, 3) how selected factors affected teacher and learner-centered instructional practices. The Levels of Technology Implementation (LoTi) and "Technology Use Survey" instruments were administered to secondary and post-secondary graphic communication educators via the Web to assess: 1) the frequency of use of 17 different digital technologies; 2) the nature and level of digital technology implementation; 3) current instructional practices; and 4) demographic characteristics. Graphic communication educators (n = 191) responding to the survey utilized a wide variety of digital technologies as part of their instruction. The data indicated that most students in graphic communication classes use computers, page layout software, and the Internet (for accessing digital content) "almost daily." Most graphic communication students were creating and/or editing vector and raster graphics "several times a week." Most graphic communication teachers reported student use of digital still cameras, digital instructional tutorials and the Internet (to solve technical problems) was limited to "several times a month," while most students were creating digital multimedia projects only "several times each year." Most respondents chose "never" to describe students' use of: digital video cameras, digital drawing tablets, creating and/or editing Web pages with a WYSIWYG or HTML editors, digital spreadsheets, digital databases, and digital animations. Findings from this study further indicate graphic communication educators demonstrate high to extremely high skill levels using computers for personal use and implement digital technologies in ways that begin to shift the learning environment from teacher-centered to student-centered, but may not be effectively updating their curriculum to reflect current graphic communication industry workforce needs. / Ph. D.

The aim of this study is to understand the present situation of science domain teachers¡¦ attitude about integrating information technology, instruction beliefs, stages of concern, and levels of technology implementation about integrating information technology. This study was based on Hall¡¦s concern based adoption model(CABM) and Moersch¡¦s levels of technology implementation(LoTI). The questionnaire entitled ¡§Survey of the integrating information technology into instruction in elementary school science domain teachers in Kaohsiung City¡¨. Taking examples 267 science domain teachers of the elementary school of Kaohsiung City. The major findings of this study are following: 1. The science domain teachers¡¦ situation of school, attitude about integrating information technology and instruction beliefs trend to advocate. 2. The informational is the strongest stage of concern when teacher face to the integrating information technology into instruction. Personal and consequence are the second strongest stages of concern. Refocusing stage of concern is the third and the last is awareness stage. 3. The integration-routine level of technology implementation is the strongest level of technology implementation. Refinement level of technology implementation is the second strongest level of technology implementation and infusion level of technology implementation is the third. The last is Non-use level of technology implementation. 4. The various situation of school, attitude about integrating information technology and instruction beliefs factors cause the influencing factors of the stages of concern and levels of technology implementation. 5. The stages of concern and attitude about integrating information technology have greatest direct effect on levels of technology implementation. 6. The situation of school and attitude about integrating information technology are positive correlated with the stages of concern and levels of technology implementation. According to the conclusions of the study, some recommendations were presented to the educational administration agencies, elementary schools, teachers and suggestions to further researches.