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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dynamique comparée des populations de bouquetin des alpes (Capra ibex ibex) et implication pour le suivi de ces populations

Largo, Émilie January 2008 (has links)
We studied the dynamic of nine populations of Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ibex ) in five protected areas. We showed a strong effect of age on demographic parameters, with a marked decrease of survival after 10-12 years of age. We also found a high variability of old females' reproduction between populations. Contrary to what is expected for a highly dimorphic species like ibex, males survived as well as females except for old individuals. Winter harshness had a negative impact on survival of old individuals but not on reproduction and survival of young. We conclude that ibex have evolved a highly conservative life-history tactic compared to other ungulates studied to now. From a management viewpoint we also showed that under some circumstances ground counts might provide reliable estimates of ibex population trends.
2

Réponses à un environnement spatio-temporellement variable : sexe, dispersion et tactiques d'histoire de vie chez le sonneur à ventre jaune (Bombina variegata, L.) / Responses to spatiotemporally variable environment : sex, dispersal and life history tactics in the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata)

Cayuela, Hugo 11 March 2016 (has links)
Examiner les liens existant entre la variabilité environnementale, les traits d'histoire de vie, la dispersion et les décisions d'accouplement est un enjeu central en Ecologie et en Evolution. J'ai exploré ces questions chez un amphibien, le sonneur à ventre jaune (Bombina variegata). Dans le premier volet de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé à l'influence des variations spatiotemporelles de l'environnement sur les patrons de covariation entre les traits d'histoire de vie, la dispersion et les types comportementaux à l'échelle inter-populationnelle. J'ai examiné comment le degré de stochasticité interannuel de l'habitat de reproduction régule le positionnement des populations le long du slow-fast continuum et génère des syndromes de dispersion parmi les populations. J'ai ensuite analysé les conséquences de ces syndromes sur les patrons de différenciation génétique au sein des populations. Dans le second volet de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé au rôle de la canalisation environnementale dans la stratégie d'histoire de vie de B. variegata et j'ai évalué comment diverses formes de variations météorologiques pouvaient affecter la dynamique de différentes populations. Dans chacune d'elles, j'ai mesuré l'impact de facteurs météorologiques sur des paramètres démographiques tels que la survie, le recrutement et les probabilités de reproduction. Dans le troisième et dernier volet de ma thèse, je me suis intéressé au choix d'accouplement des femelles, en examinant successivement les hypothèses de bons gènes et de gènes compatibles puis en me focalisant sur le rôle de la qualité et de la disponibilité des sites de reproduction sur les décisions d'accouplement des femelles / Investigating the links between environmental variability and life history traits, dispersal and breeding decisions is critical challenge for ecologists. I have examined this issue in anuran, the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata). In the first part of my thesis, I have examined the influence of spatio-temporal variation of the environment on the covariation patterns between life history traits, dispersal and behavioral types at inter-population scale. I have investigated how the level of breeding habitat stochasticity may regulate the position of B. variegata populations along the slow-fast continuum and may promote dispersal syndromes among populations. Then I have analyzed the consequence of such dispersal syndromes on population genetic differentiation. In the second part of my thesis, I have focused on the role of the environmental canalization in the life history strategy of B. variegata and I have evaluated how various forms of weather variation (mean and extreme events) could affect the dynamics of different populations. In each studied populations, I have quantified the impacts of weather variation on various demographic parameters as survival, recruitment and breeding probabilities. In the third part of my thesis, I have investigated female mate choice in B. variegata by successively examining good genes and compatible gene hypotheses, and then by evaluating the role of breeding habitat quality and availability on mating decisions

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