A total of 198 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci were Lancefield grouped by the conventional nonserological method and the Phadebact Co-agglutination method. These two methods were then compared to the Lancefield precipitin test. The Phadebact Co-agglutination method and the non - serological method '.ere evaluated as to their sensitivity, accuracy, and suitability as methods for serogrouping betahemolytic streptococci in clinical laboratories. Due to the difference in their grouping ability only Lancefield Groups A and B could be directly compared. There was a 100 percent agreement between both of these methods for the Lancefield grouns A and B, and there were three specimens which were nongroupable by both methods. Identical results for Groups A, B, C, and G were obtained for the Phadebact Co-agglutination method and the Lancefield precipitin test. Only 1.5 percent of the beta-hemolyitc streptococci were nongroupable by Phadebact and the Lancefield precipitin test as compared to 41 percent which were nongroupable by the nonserological method. A cost-benefit analysis comparison between Phadebact and the nonserological method showed that the Phadebact method was $0.79 less expensive per test than the nonserological method. The Phadebact Co-agglutination method also required only 1 min to group the beta-hemolytic streptococci; however, the nonserological method required an additional 18-24 h.

An Ohio County, Kentucky, population of Tree Swallows utilizing nest boxes located over a strip pit lake on reclaimed Peabody Coal Company land was studied on a weekly basis throughout its breeding season. The season lasted from late April to late July. Dates and/or numbers were recorded regarding nest building, egg laying, clutch size, hatching and fledging success, age of females and adult activity at the nest in order to make comparisons with these data collected in studies of more northern populations. In addition, incubating females were color marked in order to determine if they produced a second clutch. No second clutch was produced by the same female at this site. However, a second group of females did exhibit a late reproductive effort with significant success. Results indicate that the temporal breeding pattern in this southeastern population is different from the pattern observed in the more northern populations. Although the first group of females did not produce two clutches, two distinct nesting cycles were evident and the breeding season was extended in time.

Experiments were conducted to determine if an hourglass model is the mechanism whereby photoperiodic time is measured by the crayfish, Orconectes immunis. Two experiments were conducted in which there were three series of treatments. Series I and II were T experiments in which T was the total length of the light-dark cycle. In Series I the light phase of the cycle was held at 16 hours with varied lengths of darkness (LD 16:2, T 18; LD 16:8, T 24; LD 16:20, T 36; LD 16:32, T 48). In Series II the dark phase was 8 hours in length and the hours of light were varied (LD 2:8, T 10; LD 16:8, T 24; LD 28:8, T 36; LD 40:8, T 48). Series III contained an experiment designed to determine the response of animals to a light pulse. There were two photoperiod treatments, one in which a light pulse lasted for 5 minutes per day and a 24 hour total darkness treatment. No significant differences were found in the molting responses of the crayfish to the photoperiods in these three series of experiments. These data would then indicate that an hourglass mechanism is not utilized to measure photoperiod under the conditions tested.

Comparisons among sequence analyses of actions in response to various treatments of visual and olfactory cues were carried out in the lizard, Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus, to determine the relative roles of these cues in eliciting agonistic behavior. Visual cues were tested using mirrors, models and clear partitions between cages. Chemical cues were tested using the secretion from the cloaca of males. A combination of visual and olfactory cues was tested by streaking a mirror with the substance from the cloaca of a male. The responses to these treatment conditions were videotaped, and the transition frequencies between the most frequently expressed behaviors (i.e., head turning, crawling, jaw snapping and bobbing) were analyzed according to Chi Square Analysis for Independence. According to these analyses, the transitions occurred in a probabilistic sequence (i.e., the occurrence of one action positively or negatively affected the probability of the occurrence of a particular following action). The patterns of significance in transition frequencies were similar for similar treatment conditions, reenforcing the conclusion that the transition sequences were not occurring at random. Visual cues appeared to play a primary role in eliciting agonistic behavior. Olfactory cues appeared to play a secondary part in agonistic behavior, coming into play only when a visual cue was present first.

The primary purpose of this investigation is to determine whether thyroid glands may be maintained on a supplemented Ham's F-10 medium and to determine whether this tissue culture may be used under experimental conditions to study the effects of cortisone acetate on thyroidal I131 uptake.

Food habits of larvae of the northern hog sucker, common shiner, rosyface shiner, and Micropterus sp. from the Middle Fork of Drake's Creek, Kentucky were identified from 18 March to 12 August 1982. Eighteen taxa of animals were observed in the stream drift and a total of seventeen taxa, including larval fish, were identified in the stomach analysis. Eggs, rotifers, hydracarina, and diptera represented the greatest component of the drift comprising 34%, 32%, 8%, and 6%, respectively. The major organisms observed in the gut analysis included eggs (fish, rotifer, and copepod species), rotifers (Euchlanis sp.), diptera (Chironomidae), annelida (Naididae), copepoda (cyclopoids), and cladocera (Alona, Camptocercus, and unknown spp.). The northern hog sucker had the most diverse diet ingesting 15 different taxa, whereas the rosyface shiner consumed only 8 taxa. Rosyface shiners selected rotifers in their diet during their first four weeks of life and during the last two weeks as larvae (Ivlev's Electivity Index). shiners selected for week while selecting hog suckers selected a greater variety of organisms during their only for dipterans during their last week. for dipterans Common first Northern annelids, dipterans, and copepods throughout their larval period. Micropterus sp. selected rotifers, annelids, cladocerans, and copepods during their first two weeks and annelids, cladocerans, and copepods during their last four weeks as larvae. Piscivory was observed in Micropterus sp. during the third week of life with 12% of the meta-larvae consuming other larvae. With the exception of Micnoptetuz sp., larvae ingested progressively more taxa as they developed from pro - to meta-larvae. The greatest percentage of empty stomachs in all species was observed in the pro-larvae and the fewest in the meta-larvae. Likewise, the rosyface shiner had the greatest percentage of empty stomachs of the four major species studied. Even as larvae, the four species studied demonstrated resource sharing and positive interrelationships in their food habits.

Age and growth parameters of paddlefish from Lake Cumberland were investigated from September 1983 through July 1984. Sex ratios observed were 60 percent male and 40 percent female. The average total length for all paddlefish was 135.3 cm with fish captured in net tackle having a smaller body size than those caught on snag lines. Fish from the Cumberland River exhibited a greater mean body length than those from other parts of the lake, and females were longer than males. The average body weight was 11.8 kg and showed similar trends as body length. Net-captured paddlefish weighed less than those caught with snag lines; fish from the Cumberland River and Lake Cumberland were heavier than those from the South Fork, and females were heavier than males. Growth in length was greatest in the third year of life. The greatest growth in weight of males occurred between the second and third years and decreased thereafter with the exception of the ninth year. Growth of females was highest in the fifth year and remained high until the ninth and tenth years. Females attained the greatest body size in winter and spring; males showed their greatest average size in the spring and summer. A total of 12 age groups was observed in the paddlefish population in Lake Cumberland with Age Groups V and VI dominating the age structure. The longevity of male paddlefish was less than that of females. Different body growth responses were observed for males and females. Males had length-weight "n" exponent values of 2.08 and 2.65 for total length and eye-fork length, respectively which was lower than that of females. Length-weight "n" values for total paddlefish in Lake Cumberland were 3.12 for total length and 3.01 for eye-fork length. Coefficient of Condition values verified the faster, earlier growth of males and faster, later growth by females. Rostrum length averaged 27 percent of the total body length. Growth in rostrum length was closely related to growth in body length. The average survival estimate for paddlefish from Lake Cumberland was 68 percent, with recruitment of significant numbers into the yearly harvest starting at Age VI.

Analysis of habitats containing Carpinus caroliniana in two distinct physiographic regions of Kentucky revealed that this species has a wide range of tolerance to light intensities and soil pH. Species most commonly associated with Carpinus within the two physiographic regions were Platanus occidentalis, Acer saccharum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Fraxinus spp. and Fagus grandifolia. Morphological and anatomical investigations of populations representing the geographic distribution of Carpinus caroliniana in the United States indicated that the more northern population had heavier fruit, larger bracts, and secondary wood with higher specific gravity. Growth chamber experiments involving dormant buds collected from natural habitats indicated differences in bud burst correlated with habitat of origin that shows possible ecotypic differentiation. Populations of Carpinus from habitats with fluxuating spring temperatures may have a longer cold requirement prior to bud burst than populations representing the latitudinal extremes.

Metabolism of glucose by G. suboxydans and P. fluorescens in pure and mixed culture was characterized in 10% glucose-yeast extract medium in presence of calcium carbonate. A pattern between viable cell counts and copper-reducing compounds was established. A decrease in viable cell counts of the two bacteria was observed after the maximum accumulation of 5- and 2- oxogluconate. P. fluorescens was found to have a faster growth and rate of production of 2-oxogluconate than the growth and production rate of 5-oxogluconate by G. suboxydans. It was found that P. fluorescens grew on nutrient agar at pH 7.5, but G. suboxydans did not grow, whereas, G. suboxydans grew on a carbohydrate-yeast extract medium at pH 4, and P. fluorescens did not grow tnus permitting differential cell counts. An alteration in predominance between the two bacterial species which paralleled accumulation of various copper-reducing compounds was observed. The growth of P. fluorescens on 10% glucose-yeast extract medium following the growth of G. suboxydans was studied. Growth of pseudomonads paralleled an increase in copper-reducing compounds. Accumulation of various reducing compounds after 120 hr corresponded to a decrease in cell counts of P. fluorescens.

In Rough River Lake, Kentucky, effects of controlled harvest of some biological characteristics of smallmouth buffalo were investigated from December 1979 through July 1980. Spawning activity was monitored from 28 March through 24 July with buffalo larvae occurring for one week. A successful spawn was precluded by non-optimum water levels or other conditions operating in the lake. Commercial harvest was monitored from December 1979 through March 1980, and age and growth features were determined from 783 smallmouth buffalo representing a portion of the 3955 buffalo removed from Rough River Lake in 1979-80. A population estimate of the Rough River Lake smallmouth buffalo was determined from cove rotenone data obtained in June and July 1980 in conjunction with the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. Average weight and coefficient of condition (K) were similar for specimens harvested in 1978-79 and 1979-80. The most obvious effects of commercial harvest since 1977-78 were the reduction in numbers and biomass of smallmouth buffalo with an increase in individual weight.