Hjärtlungräddning (HLR) är en direkt livsavgörande kunskap och förväntningar på att sådan kunskap finns bland sjukhuspersonal är trolig. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga utbildning i och attityder till undervisning i HLR bland all personal som arbetar på ett mindre sjukhus i södra Sverige. En enkät bestående av fjorton frågor besvarades av 151 personer via sjukhusets intranät. Majoriteten av svaren kom från sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor, övriga yrkeskategorier fanns också representerade fast i mindre omfattning. Majoriteten var nöjd med nuvarande HLR utbildning och de flesta önskade regelbunden utbildning. Upplevelsen av att befintliga kunskaper var tillräckliga instämde endast hälften i och likaså att handlandet i samband med hjärtstopp kändes adekvat. Anledningen till ovanstående resultat kan bara spekuleras kring men tidigare forskning pekar på att faktorer som oerfarenhet, stress, etiska dilemman och bristande HLR utbildning kan bidra till sådana upplevelser. Slutsatsen kan dras att regelbunden HLR utbildning bör ske enligt gängse riktlinjer samt att all sjukhuspersonal erbjuds, även de som inte är direkt involverade i patientomvårdnaden. Åtgärder för att förbättra kunskap och handlande i samband med hjärtstopp kan t ex göras genom tillgång till enkla återupplivningsdockor med feedback möjlighet och erbjudande om debriefing efter hjärtstopp. Kommande forskning bör fokusera på personers upplevelse av kunskap och handlande i samband med hjärtstopp relaterat till HLR utbildning.

Extended missions to space have long been a goal of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Accomplishment of NASA's goal requires the development of systems and tools for sustaining human life for periods of several months to several years. This is the primary objective of NASA's Advanced Life Support (ALS) program. This work contributes directly to NASA efforts for ALS, particularly food production. The objective of this work is to develop a systematic methodology for analyzing and improving or modifying ALS technologies to increase their acceptability for implementation in long-duration space missions. By focusing primarily on the food production systems, it is an aim of this work to refine the procedure for developing and analyzing the ALS technologies. As a result of these efforts, researchers will have at their disposal, a powerful tool for establishing protocols for each technology as well as for modifying each technology to meet the standards for practical applications. To automate the developed methodology and associated calculations, a computer-aided tool has been developed. The following systematic procedures are interrelated and automatically integrated into the computer-aided tool: • Process configuration, with particular emphasis given to food production (e.g., syrup and flour from sweet potato, starch from sweet potato, breakfast cereal from sweet potato); • Modeling and analysis for mass and energy tracking and budgeting; • Mass and energy integration • Metrics evaluation (e.g., Equivalent System Mass (ESM)). Modeling and analysis is achieved by developing material- and energy-budgeting models. Various forms of mass and energy are tracked through fundamental as well as semiempirical models. Various system alternatives are synthesized and screened using ESM and other metrics. The results of mass, energy and ESM analyses collectively revealed the major consumers of time, equivalent mass, and energy, namely evaporation, condensation, dehydration, drying and extrusion. The targeted processes were subsequently targeted for modifications. In conclusion, this work provides a systematic methodology for transforming non-conventional problems into traditional engineering design problems, a significant contribution to ALS studies.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.T.S.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-114).

Life-support treatment is regarded as the support of vital functions of respiration and circulation such as mechanical ventilation and inotropic support, and life-sustaining therapy which incorporate therapies such as artificial hydration, nutrition and haemodialysis. Life-support treatment is rendered to critically ill patients within the intensive care units. However, when treatment options are maximised, and the patient’s condition is unchanged, a decision is often made to withdraw treatment. Professional nurses are usually involved in the process of withdrawal of life-support treatment as they care for this population of patients. The study followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research paradigm in order to explore and describe the perceptions of professional nurses with regard to the process of withdrawing life-support treatment in a private intensive care unit. Data was collected by means of interviews, which were transcribed according to Tesch’s method of analysis. Field notes were used to supplement the data findings. Based on the data collected, it is clear that professional nurses experience difficulties when performing withdrawal of life-support treatment. There are a number of communication concerns which need to be addressed and suggestions were also made by the interview participants regarding these concerns. The study makes recommendations to assist professional nurses with the process of withdrawing life-support treatment in a private intensive care unit. The findings of the study will be disseminated to the relevant hospital and unit managers. Ethical principles were maintained throughout the study by adhering to the principles of privacy, confidentiality, anonymity and beneficence.

The objective of this study is to refine the understanding of micro-fluidics subject to micro-gravity in an attempt to support future space exploration efforts. A combination of experimental and numerical approaches were utilized to build a validated assessment approach. A quasi-pore geometry, inspired by CT scans of rat bones, was used in lieu of human bone structures. A quasi-1D assessment of the conservation of momentum was used to identify the dominant forces acting on the fluid at the operating length-scales. The dominant forces were surface tension, gravity, and shear stress. Experiments were conducted to visualize the flow moving through the quasi-pore geometry. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to create a corresponding model of the experiments in order to illicit further insight. The CFD models were validated by using micro-fluidic experiments. Once validated, the CFD model was also used to study micro-fluids in micro-gravity conditions. The results showed that gravity has a significant effect on the flow pattern of fluids through micro-fluidic porous features. The results can be correlated to the fluid flow through bone pores on Earth versus in micro-gravity. This suggests that interstitial fluid flow is influenced by the effects of micro-gravity leading to physiological changes in astronaut bones.

With the use deployable drones becoming more common research into their improvement is necessary. Deployable drones that are launched from tubes have size limits on the diameter of the propeller during launch and storage. The purpose of this research is to develop deployable propeller blades for practical uses, such as tube launched propeller driven drones and easier to transport wind turbine blades. A deployable propeller will allow for the utilization of larger propellers when a large non-deployable blade isn't an option. Because deployable propellers need to fold, the deployable propeller blades were designed to be hollow and with a slit across the leading and trailing edges of the blades. Because of this unique design, a deployable propeller is not as structurally sound as a conventional propeller, and it requires pressure distributions to be sure the propeller can withstand operation without becoming deformed and compromised. My work will focus on using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and physical testing to test the aerodynamic design concerns of the deployable propeller, the effects of the unique design requirements on its aerodynamics, and developing a model to quantify the aerodynamic drivers of the deployable propeller. The results indicated that the modifications used to make the propeller deployable did not prevent the propeller from functioning properly and that the model was accurate enough to be used as a method for testing potential designs before manufacturing and physically testing prototypes.

This currently presented work is an evaluation of the characteristics of different cooling hole geometries to particulate ingestion clogging. Experimentation was conducted using a premixed bluff body flame combustor facility to generate high temperature combustor flow conditions. Sand ingestion along the cooling path of the combustion liner was reproduced using an air-assisted seeder providing consistent sand ingestion. Mass flow rate of cooling air was controlled using a sonic orifice downstream of a pressure regulator so that the mass flow rate of the air and sand mixture is independent of the clogging state. Pressure data upstream of a small section of a combustion liner was recorded to quantify the clogging of the different combustion liner cooling geometries over time. Several geometries were tested including 3 "S" shaped slots with varying width and length, along with tapered straight slots, and compared to the traditional straight round hole. It was found that a diverging orientation of the tapered slot had the most promising performance mitigating particulate deposition. The displacement boundary layer growth interaction with the main flow within the diverging section of the slot is discussed as the main contributing factor to resist clogging. The use of such a clogging-resistant combustion liner could drastically reduce the maintenance necessary for vehicles operating in sandy and dusty environments, reducing the overall operational cost, and lowering risks of complete failure of the aircraft propulsion system.

This multidisciplinary study provides a comprehensive visualization of airborne aerosols and droplets coming into contact with a crossflow of moving air utilizing both experimental particle measuring methods and multiphase computational fluids dynamics (CFD). The aim of this research is to provide a Eulerian visualization of how ventilation can alter the position and density of an aerosol cloud, with the goal of applying this information to our understanding of social distancing ranges within outdoor settings and ventilated rooms. The results indicate that even minor perpendicular crossflows across the trajectory of an aerosol cloud can greatly reduce both the linear displacement and density of the cloud, with negligible increases in density along the flow path.

Aerodynamic optimization is a key step in designing planes, cars, and even buildings. Numerical modeling is used to automate the optimization process and can use different methods to iterate through designs. In this process, consideration of the starting design is paramount as a poor choice can use up computational time and effort. Often, these designs are made with the intention of being out in the open, for which studies on shape variations in freestream situations abound. However, for the case where an object must be placed in the wake of another, there is little research. The study presented here aims to help fill this gap, starting with a case of an elliptical fairing design placed around a cylinder in the wake of a D shaped tube. The fairing itself is parameterized to gain an understanding of how its shape and relative location to the D-tube influence both the fairing itself and the D-tube. The evaluations are done using numerical models that are both validated and measured for uncertainty. Following that, the results are used to provide an initial fairing design for a real case, that being of an instrument on NASA's Dragonfly drone. The example is also used to provide a brief comparison to the trends seen in the 2D characterization as compared to trends seen in freestream design. In total, this research aims to provide a starting point for understanding how design choices affect the aerodynamics of a fairing in a bluff body wake.