In this study, new design approaches are introduced for the seismic design of block type quay walls after reviewing the conventional methodologies. Within the development of the new design approaches an inverse triangular dynamic pressures distributions are applied to define both seismic earth pressures and seismic surcharge pressures. Differently from the conventional design methodology, the hydrodynamic forces are taken into consideration while dynamic forces are specified and equivalent unit weight concept is used during the both static and dynamic calculations Compatibility of this new design approaches are tested by case studies for the site and it is seen that the numerical results are in good agreement qualitatively with field measurements.

The wind and wave (wind wave/swell wave) climate has an important role in the design and operation of coastal and marine structures, harbors and ports. The objective of this study is to identify the statistical characteristics of the winds, wind waves and swell waves in Eastern Mediterranean, and coastline of T&uuml / rkiye. For this purpose, the data of wind speed and direction, swell and wind wave height, period and direction for a certain duration with the six hours time intervals are obtained from ECMWF for the wind and wave climate computations. The data covers the area of eastern Mediterranean region. In order to compute the wind and wave climate at any selected coastal location, a software is developed by Serhan Aldogan in his MSc thesis. For every location, the wind wave roses, significant height of wind wave and swell wave versus mean period of primary wind directions, extreme probability analysis and distribution, and log-linear cumulative probability analysis and distributions is presented, compared and discussed. By the help of the specifically developed software, it is possible and convenient to analyze the wind and wave climate using ECMWF data at any coordinate.

Block type quay walls are commonly used as berthing structures both in Turkey and worldwide. In this study, stability analysis of block type quay wall is carried out using pseudo-static method. A computer program named QSAP (using Excel spreadsheet) has been developed for the design of block type quay walls. QSAP has been prepared based on the rules of Turkish Seismic Design Codes for Coastal Structures, 2008. Reliability of this program is verified by a comparative study of Derince Port block type quay wall, damaged in Marmara earthquake (1999), with manual solution and field measurements. A newly introduced placement methodology &ldquo / Knapsack&rdquo / is also studied with QSAP and the results are compared with the conventional placement method.

In this thesis, the wind-wave records obtained at three locations along the Turkish coasts (Alanya, Dalaman and Hopa) are analyzed. Probability distributions of individual wave characteristics (wave height, wave period and wave steepness) are obtained and compared with the model distributions. Goodness of fit of the observed distributions is checked by Chi-square test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Joint probability distribution of individual wave heights and periods is also studied and compared with the theoretical distributions. The relationships among various statistical wave height parameters and statistical wave period parameters are investigated and compared with the theoretical and reported values.

In this study, The Beach Dewatering System, a relatively recent technology to combat beach erosion, which is proposed as a practical alternative to more traditional shoreline stabilization methods, is investigated and an informative overview on the genesis, development and recent use of this technique is provided. On the basis of the link existing between the elevation of beach groundwater and erosional or accretionary trends at the beach face, a numerical model that simulates groundwater flow in a coastal aquifer under beach drainage is presented. In this model, the seaward boundary of the domain is considered to be tidally fluctuating in a large scale to represent the occurrence of seepage face significantly. The unsteady groundwater flow equation is solved numerically using the method of finite differences. The results clearly showed that the water table being lowered caused the reduction of the seepage face which is the main aim of Beach Dewatering projects. The positional design parameters, i.e. horizontal and vertical location of the drain, are also investigated by utilizing an efficiency index. It is observed that the system efficiency decreased as the drain is shifted landward. The results also indicated that, the efficiency slightly increased with the vertical drain elevation.

Coastal defense structures are built in order to protect valuable coastal regions from the destructive effects of the waves. Due to the cost of coastal defense structures and the economical potential of the coastal regions, failure of such structures could cause loss of high amounts of investment. Therefore in the design and construction of coastal structures, it is of vital importance to achieve an optimum design which is not neither underdesigned nor overdesigned. In this study, Submerged Berm type coastal defense structures with several different cross-sections were tested for stability under storm conditions. Damage analyses of the different models were carried out to compare the structure characteristics under storm conditions and to obtain the most economical and stable cross-section. For the model studies, 5 different models were constructed by using Van der Meer&rsquo / s approach and berm design guidelines. Models were constructed with a model scale of 1:31.08 in the wave flume in the Coastal and Harbor Engineering Laboratory, Civil Engineering Department, METU. The newly designed and optimized berm type structure was proved to be successful and economical.

This thesis analyzed the new parameter hydrodynamic demand representing the damage of tsunami waves on structures and coastlines,maximum positive amplitudes and current velocities occurred during tsunami inundation by using the numerical model TUNAMI-N2. Regular shaped basins were used with two different bottom slopes in analyses in order to understand the behaviour of tsunami wave and investigate the change of important tsunami parameters along different slopes during tsunami inundation. In application, different initial conditions were used for wave profiles such as solitary wave, leading elevation single sinusoidal wave and leading depression sinusoidal wave. Three different initial wave amplitudes were used in order to test the change of distribution of the hydrodynamic demand. The numerical results were compared and discussed with each other and with the results of existing analytical and experimental studies.

Turkey, with its climate, protected bays, cultural and environmental resources is an ideal place for yacht tourism. Subsequently, yacht tourism is increasing consistently. Yacht tourism can cause unmitigated development and environmental concerns when aiming to achieve tourist satisfaction. As the demand for yacht tourism intensifies, sustainable development strategies are needed to maximize natural, cultural and economic benefits. Integration of forecasts to the strategic planning is necessary for sustainable and use of the coastal resources. In this study two different quantitative forecasting techniques - Exponential smoothing and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods were used to estimate the demand for yacht berthing capacity demand till 2030 in Turkey. Based on environmental, socio-economic and geographic data and the opinions gathered from stakeholders such as marina operators, local communities and government officials an allocation model was developed for the successful allocation of the predicted demand seeking social and economical growth while preserving the coastal environment. AHP was used to identify and evaluate the development, social and environmental and geographic priorities. Aiming a dynamic plan which is responsive to both national and international developments in yacht tourism, potential investment areas were determined for the investments required to accommodate the future demand. This study provides a multi dimensioned point of view to planning problem and highlights the need for sustainable and dynamic planning at delicate and high demand areas such as coasts.

This study analyzes the parameter &ldquo / hydrodynamic demand&rdquo / that is also defined by the square of Froude Number representing the damage of tsunami waves on structures and coastlines, and other hydrodynamic parameters, i.e., the distribution of instantaneous flow depths, runup values and the direction of maximum currents, occurred during tsunami inundation by using advanced numerical modeling. The analyses are performed on regular-shaped basins with different bottom slopes and real-shaped topographies using different wave shapes, wave periods and types. Various orientation and amount of coastal and land structures are used in simulations to have results for many different cases. This study provides the opportunity to define the damage of level in residential areas and to test the performance of coastal protection structures. The behavior of tsunami hydrodynamic parameters in shallow and inundation zone is investigated and a correlation is obtained between the average maximum values of square of Froude Number with the wave characteristics and sea bottom slope. After determining hydrodynamic parameters in regular shaped basins, a case study is applied by modeling the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami with finer resolution in nested domains. The determination of hydrodynamic parameters in inundation zone during 2011 Japan event is performed in one of the most damaged coastal city Kamaishi.

Because little was known about how the masonry lighthouses constructed during the 19th century at exposed locations around the British Isles were responding to wave action, the dynamic response of the Eddystone lighthouse under wave impacts was investigated. Like other so called 'rock lighthouses', the Eddystone lighthouse was built on top of a steep reef at a site that is fully submerged at most states of the tide. Consequently, the structure is exposed to loading by unbroken, breaking and broken waves. When the breaking occurs, wave loading leads to complex phenomena that cannot be described theoretically due to the unknown mixture of air and water involved during the wave-structure interaction. In addition, breaking waves are generally distinguished from unbroken and broken wave due to the fact that they cause impulsive loads. As a consequence, the load effects on the structural response require a dynamic analysis. In this investigation the dynamic response of the Eddystone lighthouse is investigated both in the field and by means of a small-scale model mounted in a laboratory wave channel. In particular, field data obtained by the use of geophones, cameras and a wave buoy are presented together with wave loading information obtained during the laboratory tests under controlled conditions. More than 3000 structural events were recorded during the exceptional sequence of winter storms that hit the South-West of England in 2013/2014. The geophone signals, which provide the structural response in terms of velocity data, are differentiated and integrated in order to obtain accelerations and displacements respectively. Dynamic responses show different behaviours and higher structural frequencies, which are related to more impulsive loads, tend to exhibit a predominant sharp peak in velocity time histories. As a consequence, the structural responses have been classified into four types depending on differences of ratio peaks in the time histories and spectra. Field video images indicate that higher structural frequencies are usually associated with loads caused by plunging waves that break on or just in front of the structure. However, higher structural velocities and accelerations do not necessarily lead to the largest displacements of around a tenth of mm. Thus, while the impulsive nature of the structural response depends on the type of wave impact, the magnitude of the structural deflections is strongly affected by both elevation of the wave force on the structure and impact duration, as suggested by structural numerical simulations and laboratory tests respectively. The latter demonstrate how the limited water depth strongly affects the wave loading. In particular, only small plunging waves are able to break on or near the structure and larger waves that break further away can impose a greater overall impulse due to the longer duration of the load. As a consequence of the depth limited conditions, broken waves can generate significant deflections in the case of the Eddystone lighthouse. However, maximum accelerations of about 0.1g are related to larger plunging waves that are still able to hit the lighthouse with a plunging jet. When compared to the Iribarren number, the dimensionless irregular momentum flux proposed by Hughes is found to be a better indicator concerning the occurrence of the structural response types. This is explained by the fact that the Iribarren number does not to take into account the effects of the wide tidal range at the Eddystone reef, which has a strong influence on the location of the breaking point with respect to the lighthouse. Finally, maximum run up were not able to rise up to the top of the lighthouse model during the laboratory tests, despite this having been observed in the field. As a consequence, the particular configuration of the Eddystone reef and the wind could have a considerable bearing and exceptional values of the run up, greater than 40 m, cannot be excluded in the field.