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by Wai Ming Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-74). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / CONTENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter I-1. --- Liquid Crystal Mesophases --- p.1 / Chapter I-1-1. --- Mesophases --- p.1 / Chapter I-1 -2. --- Classification of liquid crystals according to molecular order --- p.1 / Chapter I-2. --- Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals --- p.6 / Chapter I-3. --- "The Relationship Among Spontaneous Polarization, Tilted Angle and Response Time" --- p.7 / Chapter I-4. --- Applications of Liquid Crystals --- p.8 / Chapter I-5. --- An Ideal Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal --- p.9 / Chapter I-6. --- Recent Development in Chiral Liquid Crystals --- p.10 / Chapter I-7. --- Aim of The Present Research: Chiral Liquid Crystals from Carbohydrates --- p.15 / Chapter II. --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.17 / Chapter II-1. --- "Synthesis of 4',4""-Heptoxybiphenyl (methyl 2-O-n- butyl-3,4-dideoxy-a-D-glucopyranosid) uronate (12) and 4',4""-Cyanobiphenyl (methyl 2-O-n-butyl -3,4-dideoxy-a-D-glucopyranosid) uronate (13)" --- p.17 / Chapter II-2. --- "Synthesis of 4',4''-Heptoxybiphenyl (methyl 2-O-n- butyl-3,4-di-O-methyl-a-D-glucopyranosid) uronate (14) and 4' ,4""-Cyanobiphenyl (methyl 2-O-n-butyl -3,4-di-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranosid) uronate (15)" --- p.33 / Chapter II-3. --- Mesomorphic Phases and Transition Temperatures of Chiral Liquid Crystalline Compounds 12 and 13 --- p.42 / Chapter III. --- CONCLUSION --- p.47 / Chapter IV. --- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION --- p.48 / Chapter V. --- REFERENCES --- p.71 / List of Spectra --- p.75 / Spectra --- p.76

by Qian Wang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111). / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Contents --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iv / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Results and Discussion --- p.23 / Chapter II-1. --- "Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Liquid Crystalline Compounds Containing a 1,4-Disubstituted Cyclohexene Ring" --- p.23 / Chapter II-1-1. --- "Synthesis of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-4'-(4""-Cyanobiphenyl) 4-Pentyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (1 and 3) and (S)-(-)-4'-(4""-Octoxybiphenyl) 4-Pentyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (2)" --- p.23 / Chapter II-1-2. --- "Synthesis of (S)-(-)-4'-(4""-Cyanobiphenyl) 4-Butoxymethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (4)" --- p.35 / Chapter II-1-3. --- "Synthesis of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-4'-(4""-Heptoxybiphenyl) 4-(2-Propenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (5 and 7) and (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-4'-(4""-Octoxybiphenyl) 4-(2-Propenyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (6 and 8)" --- p.37 / Chapter II-2. --- "Synthesis of Chiral Liquid Crystalline Compound Containing a trans-2,5-Disusbstituted Cyclohexanone Ring´ؤ(1S,4S)-4'-(4""-Heptoxybiphenyl) 4-Penyl-3-cyclohexanone-1-carboxylate (9)" --- p.42 / Chapter II-3. --- "Determination of Enantiomeric Purities of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-Perillalcohols (17 and 28), (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-1-Pentyl-4-hydroxymethyl-l-cyclohexenes(35 and 36), and (2S,5S)-2-Pentyl-5-hydroxymethyl-l-cyclohexanone (64)" --- p.58 / Chapter II-3-1. --- Determination of Enantiomeric Purities of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-Perillalcohols (17 and 28) --- p.58 / Chapter II-3-2. --- Determination of Enantiomeric Purities of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-1-Pentyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1-cyclohexenes (35 and36) --- p.64 / Chapter II-3-3. --- "Determination of Enantiomeric Purity of (2S,5S)-2-Pentyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1 -cyclohexanone (64)." --- p.67 / Chapter II-4. --- "Mesomorphic Phases and Transition Temperatures of Chiral Liquid Crystalline Compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9" --- p.72 / Chapter III. --- Conclusion --- p.77 / Chapter IV. --- Experimental --- p.78 / Chapter V. --- References --- p.107 / List of Spectra --- p.112 / Spectra --- p.116

"Composites of nanoparticles with complex fluids represent a unique physical system where thermal physical properties of the components partially or fully mix and new behavior can emerge. Traditional composites are relatively well understood as the superposition, weighted by volume or mass, of the components properties and the interfacial interactions play the role of holding the composite together. As the filler component, nanoparticle, decreases in size, the surface area begins to dominate, leading to unique behavior of the nanocomposites. The richness of the nanocomposites that can be designed by coupling various nanoparticles and complex fluid materials opens a wide field of active research. This dissertation presents a series of experimental studies on various nanocomposites using modulated differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopic ellipsometry, dielectric spectroscopy, polarizing microscopy, and conductivity measurements of nanoparticles such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes and quantum dots on the phase transitions of several liquid crystals and polymers. The liquid crystals (LCs) and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) of interest are: negative dielectric anisotropy alkoxyphenylbenzoate (9OO4), octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB), decylcyanobiphenyl (10CB), and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) which can form smectic liquid crystal (LC) phase. Studies have been carried out as a function of concentration and temperature spanning through various ordered phases. The results indicate a mixture of ordering and disordering effects of the nanoparticles on the phases of the complex fluids. In 9OO4/CNT system, dipole moment of liquid crystal and graphene like surface can allow a random dispersion of CNT to promote both orientational and positional order. For nCB/CNT, nCB/Quantum dot (QD) systems, nanoparticles induce net disordering effect in LC media. The effect of QDs on LC depends on the anchoring conditions and the QDs size. The results clearly demonstrate that the nematic phase imposes self-assembly on QDs to form one dimensional arrays. This leads to net disordering effect. The thermal/electrical conductivity changes in thin films of iPP/CNT sheared/un-sheared samples and it also varies with temperature for the purpose of inducing anisotropy of those properties in parallel and perpendicular to average orientation. The percolation threshold is clearly pronounced in both conductivities due to pressing and shearing treatment of the films. This will further our abilities to nano-engineer material for many important applications."

Chan Wing Kin. / Thesis submitted in: Oct 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xv / List of Schemes --- p.xvi / Abbreviations --- p.xviii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General Background of Phthalocyanines --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- General Background of Liquid Crystals --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Structural Classification of the Mesophases --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- The Columnar Liquid Crystals --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- The Nematic Phase --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- The Lamellar Phase --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4 --- Applications of Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystals --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- General Properties of HATn Materials and Phthalocyanines --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Supramolecular Channels and Wires --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Phthalocyanine Based Gas Sensors --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5 --- General Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Phthalocyanines --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Peripherally Substituted Phthalocyanines --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Octakis(alkoxymethy l)phthalocy anines --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Octa-alkoxyphthalocyanines --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5.1.3 --- Octa-alkylphthalocyanines --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5.1.4 --- Octakis-(alkoxycarbonyl)phthalocyanines --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5.1.5 --- Octa-(p-alkoxylphenyl)phthalocyanines --- p.32 / Chapter 1.5.1.6 --- Tetrakis[oligo(ethyleneoxy)] phthalocyanines --- p.34 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Non-Peripherally Substituted Phthalocyanines --- p.35 / Chapter 1.5.2.1 --- Octa(alkoxymethyl)phthalocyanines --- p.35 / Chapter 1.5.2.2 --- Octa-alkylphthalocyanines --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Unsymmetrically Substituted Phthalocyanines --- p.40 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Liquid Crystalline Metallophthalocyanines --- p.42 / Chapter 1.5.4.1 --- Copper Phthalocyanines --- p.42 / Chapter 1.5.4.2 --- "Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, and Zinc Phthalocyanines" --- p.43 / Chapter 1.5.4.3 --- Lutetium Phthalocyanines --- p.43 / Chapter 1.5.4.4 --- "Silicon, Tin, and Lead Phthalocyanines" --- p.44 / Chapter 1.6 --- Summary --- p.45 / Chapter 1.7 --- References --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Syntheses, Aggregation Behavior and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Peripherially Octaalkynyl Phthalocyanines" --- p.57 / Chapter 2.1 --- Synthesis and Characterization of Octaalkynyl Phthalocyanines --- p.57 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Preparation of Alkynyl Fragment 22 --- p.57 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Preparation of Alkynyl Phthalonitrile 23 --- p.58 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Synthesis and Characterization of [2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octakis(3,4,5-tris (dodecyloxy)phenylethynyl)phthalocyaninato]magnesium(II) (29)" --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2 --- Electronic Absorption of Alkynylated Phthalocyanine 29 --- p.65 / Chapter 2.3 --- Liquid Crystalline Properties of Alkynyl Phthalocyanine 29 --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.73 / Chapter 2.5 --- Experimental Section --- p.74 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- General Information --- p.74 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Physical Measurements --- p.74 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Photophysical Measurements --- p.75 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Experimental Procedure --- p.76 / Chapter 2.6 --- References --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Facile Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Phthalocyanines Through Transesterification Reactions --- p.86 / Chapter 3.1 --- Synthesis and Characterization --- p.86 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Preparation of 4,5-bis(4-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)phthalonitrile (30)" --- p.86 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Preparation of Phthalocyanines --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2 --- Electronic Absorption Properties and Aggregation Behavior --- p.91 / Chapter 3.3 --- Liquid Crystalline Properties of Phthalocyanines 31 -37 --- p.101 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.104 / Chapter 3.5 --- Experimental Section --- p.105 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Experimental Procedure --- p.105 / Chapter 3.6 --- References --- p.114 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "In vitro Photodynamic Activities of Peripherially Octa-substituted Zinc Phthalocyanines with Terminal Mono-, Di- and Triethylene Glycol Chains" --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1 --- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Brief Introduction of Photodynamic Therapy --- p.115 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Photophysical Mechanism Involved in PDT --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2 --- Photophysical Properties of Phthalocyanines 34-36 --- p.119 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- An overview of photochemical and photophysical processes --- p.119 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Spectroscopic and Photophysical Properties of Phthalocyanines 34-36 --- p.122 / Chapter 4.3 --- In vitro Photodynamic Activities --- p.128 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.128 / Chapter 4.5 --- Experimental Section --- p.129 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- In vitro Studies --- p.129 / Chapter 4.6 --- References --- p.131 / Appendix --- p.135

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