Thesis--Montpellier, 1957. / Date from spine. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [357]-360).

Mercantile Law / LL. M. (Law)

During the Nineteenth Century, a reform agitation known as the prohibition movement began to gather momentum in the United States. Led chiefly by the Women's Christian Temperance Union and pushed also by the Prohibition Party, this movement grew only slowly until a general spirit of reform began to sweep the country at the end of the century. With the W.C.T.U. and the American Anti-Saloon League leading the fight during the Progressive Era, the tide of public opinion finally took form in the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, an amendment which forbade "the manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors..." in this country. The Eighteenth Amendment became effective on January 16, 1920. Less than fourteen years later, the Amendment was repealed. The dreams of most prohibitionists were but ashes. In the opinion of most Americans, the "noble experiment" had failed. The story of prohibition on the national scene was reflected on a smaller scale in the State of Utah, but Utah deserves special study since it had a unique people. The predominant religion in Utah was that of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the so-called Mormon Church, which demands of its members total abstinance from alcoholic beverages if they are to be in full faith and fellowship. Significant, then, is the fact that when Utah adopted prohibition in 1917, sixty-three percent of its people were Mormons. Yet, when Utah repealed prohibition in 1933, the percentage of the population affiliated with this dominant faith was still sixty-three per cent. The events leading to the adoption of prohibition in Utah have been adequately described by Bruce T. Dyer, and will be only reviewed here as background information. The emphasis in this study will be upon the events and forces leading to the repeal of prohibition in Utah and the adoption of the basic liquor control system which has been in effect in the state since 1935.

The aim of this study is to determine a strategic focus for the implementation of the National Liquor Act 59 of 2003 in South Africa. There are several shortcomings in the implementation of the Act at national and provincial level. Various models in the field of Human Resource Management can assist in creating an effective strategy to achieve National Liquor Authority (NLA), Provincial Liquor Board (PLB) and South Africa Police Service (SAPS) objectives. The researcher applied purposive and snowball sampling to select 21 participants with extensive knowledge of the implementation of national and provincial liquor acts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from police and non-police liquor inspectors involved in the implementation of the Act. National and international literature was studied to collect theoretical information. The data was analysed by means of qualitative data packages. The ATLAS.ti software program was used to categorise data according to themes. The study objectives were to understand the strategic focus behind the implementation of national and provincial liquor acts. Furthermore, the roles of liquor inspectors and the procedure according to which the liquor acts were communicated to ensure performance were examined. International best practices in the enforcement of liquor acts were explored, and a strategic model was proposed to supplement shortcomings in the enforcement of these legislations. The findings indicated a gap between the National Liquor Act 59 of 2003 and agencies’ strategic focus, a lack of capacity, and poor communication of the liquor acts. Moreover, a strategic model is suggested to ensure uniform standards for the implementation of the National Liquor Act 59 of 2003. / Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye ke go laetša nepišo ya leano la phethagatšo ya Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Bjala, 59 wa 2003 ka Afrika Borwa. Go ba gona ga ditlhaelelo tše mmalwa phethagatšong ya molao maemong a bosetšhaba le a profense. Dimmotlolo tša go fapana ka lekaleng la Bolaodi bja Methopo ya Batho e ka thuša tlholong ya leano le le botse go fihlelela maikemišetšo a Bolaodi bja Bosetšhaba bja Bjala (NLA), Boto ya Profense ya Bjala (PLB) le Tirelo ya Sephodisa ya Afrika Borwa (SAPS). Banyakišiši ba šomišitše sampole ya nepo le ye e oketšegilego go kgetha bakgathatema ba 21 ba go ba le tsebo ye e nabilego ya phethagatšo ya melao ya bjala ya bosetšhaba le ya profense. Dipoledišano tša sebopego sa seripa di dirilwe go kgoboketša datha ya go tšwa go bahlahlobi ba sephodisa le bao e sego ba sephodisa ba ba akaretšwago phethagatšong ya molao. Dingwalo tša bosetšhaba le tša boditšhabatšhaba di fetlekilwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo ya teori. Datha e sekasekilwe ka go šomiša dipakhetše tša datha tša khwalithethifi. Lenaneo la softewere ya ATLAS.ti le šomišitšwe go aroganya datha go ya ka ditabataba. Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo e be e le go kwešiša nepišo ya leano la phethagatšo ya melao ya bjala ya bosetšhaba le ya profense. Gape, mešomo ya bahlahlobi ba bjala le tshepedišo yeo go ya ka yona melao ya bjala e tsebagaditšwego go kgonthišiša gore mošomo o hlahlobilwe. Mekgwa ye mekaone ya boditšhabatšhaba tiragatšong ya melao ya bjala e utulotšwe, gomme mmotlolo wa leano o šišintšwe go tlaleletša ditlhaelelo tiragatšong ya melao ye. Dikutullo di laeditše sekgoba gare ga Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Bjala, 59 wa 2003 le nepišo ya leano ya dietšentshi, tlhokego ya bokgoni, le kgokagano ya go fokola ya melao ya bjala. Go feta fao, mmotlolo WA leano o a šišinywa go kgonthišiša ditekanetšo tša go swana tša phethagatšo ya Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Bjala, 59 wa 2003. / Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso eno ke go swetsa ka phitlhelelo ya togamaano e e totiwang malebana le go diragadiwa ga Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Nnotagi wa bo59 wa 2003 mo Aforikaborwa. Go na le makoanyana mo tiragatsong ya Molao kwa magatong a bosetšhaba le a diporofense. Dikao tse di farologaneng mo lephateng la Botsamaisi jwa Badiri di ka thusa go tlhama togamaano e e nonofileng go fitlhelela maitlhomo a Bothati jwa Bosetšhaba jwa Nnotagi (NLA), Boto ya Porofense ya Nnotagi (PLB) le Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa. Mmatlisisi o dirisitse tsela ya go tlhopha sampole go ya ka maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso mmogo le go letla ba ba mo patlisisong go ngokela ba bangwe go nna karolo ya sampole go tlhopha bannileseabe ba le 21 ba ba nang le kitso e e tseneletseng ya tiragatso ya melao ya bosetšhaba le ya porofense ya nnotagi. Go dirisitswe dipotsolotso tse di batlileng di rulagana go kokoanya tshedimosetso go tswa kwa sepodising le kwa batlhatlhobing ba e seng ba sepodisi ba nnotagi ba ba nang le seabe mo tiragatsong ya Molao. Go buisitswe dikwalo tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba go kokoanya tshedimosetso ya tiori. Tshedimosetso e ne ya sekasekwa ka tiriso ya dipakana tse di dirisang dipalopalo. Go dirisitswe porokeramo ya serweboleta sa ATLAS.ti go aroganya tshedimosetso go ya ka meono. Maitlhomo a thutopatlisiso e ne e le go tlhaloganya togamaano e e totilweng malebana le tiragatso ya melao ya bosetšhaba le ya porofense ya nnotagi. Mo godimo ga moo, go sekasekilwe seabe sa batlhatlhobi ba nnotagi le ditsamaiso tse go anamisiwang tshedimosetso ka ga melao ya nnotagi ka tsona go netefatsa tiragatso. Go ne ga lebelelwa ditiragatso tse di gaisang tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo tiragatsong ya melao ya nnotagi mme go tshitshintswe sekao sa togamaano go tshegetsa makoa mo tiragatsong ya melao eno. Diphitlhelelo di supile sekgala magareng ga Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Nnotagi wa bo59 wa 2003 le diphitlhelelo tse di totilweng tsa togamaano tsa ditheo, tlhaelo ya bokgoni le tlhaeletsano e e bokoa malebana le melao ya nnotagi. Gape go tshitshinngwa sekao sa togamaano go netefatsa gore go nna le sekano se se tshwanang sa tiragatso ya Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Nnotagi wa bo59 wa 2003. / Police Practice / D. Lit. et Phil. (Police Science)

Thesis (M. A. (Criminology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The study was aimed at analysing the non-compliance of tavern operators with selected licensing conditions of taverns in Mankweng Area, Limpopo Province. Tavern operators were randomly sampled for the study. A quantitative research approach was used and questionnaires were administered for data collection. The findings revealed that tavern operators do not comply with the licensing conditions as stipulated in the Liquor Act, no 27 of 1989. The most contravened conditions include trading beyond stipulated times and allowing minors into the licensed premises. However, there is a need to study the perceptions of the tavern operators with regard to the licensing conditions of taverns. The researcher recommended that the community should co-operate with the Liquor Board in the effective prevention of the non-compliance of the tavern operators.

The adverse health and safety consequences of excessive alcohol consumption are a leading problem around the world. Alcoholic beverages are a routine part of socializing in many societies. However, alcohol is also a significant contributor to worldwide morbidity, disability, and mortality. To lessen the harm produced by alcohol, governments have adopted different alcohol control policies. These control policies can be group into four basic strategies: deterrence, prevention, communications and outreach, and alcohol treatment. Among the prevention measures, restricting physical access to alcohol by limiting the alcohol outlets' density, raising the legal age to purchase alcohol, and reducing the affordability of alcohol through taxation have been extensively shown as cost-effective and feasible measures against alcohol-related harms. However, there are still topics related to the affordability of alcohol that have not been investigated. The role of promotional price practices at on-premises alcohol outlets on health and social outcomes, and the effects of policies enacted to prevent these practices on motor vehicle crashes remained an unexplored research topic. The main goals of this dissertation were to summarize evidence regarding the health effects of drink specials and to estimate the effects of policies restricting drink special practices as preventive tools for fatal motor vehicle crashes. Specifically, I summarized the research evidence of the effects of drink special practices on health and social outcomes (Aim 1). I examined the association between drink special laws and alcohol-related fatal motor vehicle crashes contrasting results for two methodological approaches, difference-in-difference-in-differences (Aim 2) and synthetic controls (Aim 3). This dissertation contains five chapters. The introduction in chapter one provides a background review of relevant literature that serves as the conceptual framework for this dissertation and an overview of chapters two, three, four, and five. The systematic review of the literature relevant to Aim 1 is presented in chapter two. This review included studies on the effects that drink specials and drink special laws have on alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol-related harms. Twelve studies examined the effect of drink specials in seven countries between 1978 and 2018. Consistent evidence supported associations between drink specials and increased alcohol consumption, heavy drinking, alcohol intoxication, and other alcohol-related outcomes. For aims 2 and 3, I examined 36-years of data from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Census Bureau, and NIH’s Alcohol Policy Information System and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism from 1982 to 2017. In chapter three, I presented results from difference-in-difference-in-differences analyses of the effects of implementing six drink special laws on alcohol- and non-alcohol-related motor vehicle fatal crash rates in the United States (U.S.). I assessed exposure to implementation as any law, number of laws, and each law. Random effects generalized least squares regression models adjusted for the proportion of males in the state, youth involved in fatal crashes, gallons of ethanol per capita among the population age 21 years and older, and autonomy index were fitted across 24 treated and 18 non-treated states. Results revealed that the implementation of any drink special law was associated with reductions in overall and alcohol-related fatal crash rates compared to untreated states. Also, drink special laws mitigated incremental rates of non-alcohol related crashes among treated states with any drink special law compared to untreated states. In chapter four, I presented results from synthetic control analyses for single and multiple treated units. I assessed the association between drink special laws and alcohol-related fatal motor vehicle crashes and adjusted for the same covariates as in chapter three. Results in chapter four indicated that states treated with any drink special law reduced alcohol-related fatal crash rates only in years three, five, and ten post-implementation compared to the synthetic control trend. The effects of any drink special law were more consistent at different times in the post-implementation for reducing non-alcohol-related fatal crash rates than the synthetic control trend. Findings for the number of laws implemented and each drink special laws were mixed. Chapter five presents a synthesis and discussion of findings in chapters two, three, and four, as well as policy recommendations for stakeholders and future research.

The forces in the campaign that was to bring prohibition to Utah in 1917 had become identified with the prohibition movement by the spring of 1908. On the side of the drys were the various temperance organizations, the churches of Utah and the major political parties. Allied agaist the prohibition group were the combined liquor interests. Uncommitted to either side were the authorities of the Mormon Church, although both groups could seemingly lay claim to the support of the Church authorities when conflicting statements and actions of that body were put before the public view.

This study was undertaken in an attempt to present a current account of certain political aspects of California's struggle with the problem of alcoholic beverage control, with, emphasis on the work of members of the state legislature and others who, by their Intense interest in the subject, have been instrumental in the shaping of state policy. A review of past events and personalities outstanding in this field has been Included to show their interrelation to the present situation.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1967. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Adviser: Ty Matejowsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-39).