by Suen Lai Kuen, Denise. / Publication date from spine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-114). / Abstract --- p.i / Chapter Chapter 1 --- The issue and its background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Languages in Hong Kong society --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The validation of the HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III --- p.3 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Review of relevant literature / Chapter 2.1 --- Reliability and validity --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reliability --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Validity --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Test validation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Construct validity --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Content validity . --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2.3.1 --- Qualitative and quantitative approaches to content validation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2.3.2 --- Item difficulty and item discriminability --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Criterion-related validity --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Validity and reliability --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Summary --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Communicative paradigm and the study of language --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Communicative competence --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Framework of communicative competence --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Problems in communicative language testing --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Characteristics of communicative language tests --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III in the communicative paradigm --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Features of spoken language --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Speaking against time --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Spoken against written language --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Variety of vocabulary --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.6.4 --- Level of vocabulary --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.6.5 --- Intonation unit --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.6.6 --- Clausal construction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.6.7 --- Sentence construction --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.6.8 --- "Involvement with audience, with self, and with concrete reality" --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.6.9 --- Features of conversations and lectures --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Second language listening comprehension --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Factors in L2 listening comprehension --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Speech rate and syntactic structure --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Sandhi and proficiency level --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- "Syntactic simplication, repetition, and proficiency level" --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.1.4 --- Discourse markers and proficiency level --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3.1.5 --- Background knowledge --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.1.6 --- Text type and question type --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.1.7 --- "Note taking, memory, and proficiency level" --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1.8 --- Syntactic simplicity and redundancy --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Different types of listening skills --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Summary --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Content validation of the HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III / Chapter 3 1 --- Test objectives and test specifications --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Question types in the HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3 --- Validity of test specifications --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Domains of use --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Listening comprehension component skills as test specifcations --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4 --- Validity of test content --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Domains of use in test content --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- Domains of use in section A items --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Domains of use in section B items --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Content validity in terms of skills --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Content validity in terms of text authenticity --- p.68 / Chapter 3.5 --- Quantitative approach to content validation --- p.71 / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Criterion-related (concurrent) validation of the HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III / Chapter 4.1 --- The choice of the criterion --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Test of English as a Foreign Language --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Section 1 (Listening comprehension) of the TOEFL --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- The TOEFL program under the policy council --- p.80 / Chapter 4 1.4 --- Development of TOEFL questions --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Reliability and validity of the TOEFL --- p.81 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- TOEFL as the criterion --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2 --- The subjects and the procedure --- p.89 / Chapter 4.3 --- Basic assumptions of correlation analysis --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4 --- Statistical procedure and findings --- p.94 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion and conclusion / Chapter 5.1 --- Content validity of the HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Validity of test objectives and test specificiations --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Validity of test content in terms of testing specifications --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Content validity in terms of skills --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Content validity in terms of text authenticity --- p.100 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Content validity based on internal analysis --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2 --- Criterion-related validity of the HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III --- p.102 / Chapter 5.3 --- Further research as corroboration --- p.103 / Bibliography --- p.103 / Appendix Materials of the 1991 (session 2) HKCE Eng. (B) Examination Paper III --- p.115 / Appendix 2 Teacher A's evaluation form --- p.136 / Appendix 3 Teacher B's evaluation form --- p.142 / Appendix 4 Materials of the TOEFL Secion 1 (Listening Comprehension) used as the criterion --- p.147 / Appendix 5 HKCE scores and TOEFL scores in the criterion-related validation study --- p.158