Dans cette etude, on aborde l'essai en tant qu'espace dialogique ou convergent des contradictions et des tensions discursives antagoniques envers l'ordre etabli. Dans cette perspective, nous presentons une analyse critique-discursive de l'essai intitule El Evangelio Americano, dernier ouvrage de l'essayiste et penseur politique chilien Francisco Bilbao Barquin (1823-1865). En prenant comme point de depart la theorie du dialogisme de Mikhail Bakhtine et le lien qu'on y etablit entre signe linguistique et ideologie, nous proposons ici une approche de l'oeuvre de Bilbao dans laquelle on met en evidence les processus d'ideologisation qui marquent les relations de reaction, d' incorporation et de transformation de textes et de discours. Notre these comprend trois chapitres. Nous explorons d'abord, au premier chapitre, les notions theoriques qui permettent d'etablir le lien entre essai, discours et ideologie. Ensuite, au deuxieme chapitre, nous examinons le contexte historique et social qui sous-tend la production de l'oeuvre. Enfin, au troisieme chapitre, nous presentons une analyse des processus discursifs de reproduction du systeme des idees sociales, politiques et religieuses que partagent l'enonciateur textuel et le(s) interlocuteur(s). En bref, la lecture critique d'El Evangelio Americano vise a demontrer la relation multiforme que l'enonciateur entretient avec divers discours de son epoque: dans certains cas, il adhere a ces discours; dans d'autres, il en differe totalement ou partiellement. Nous soulignons aussi la pertinence des outils theoriques utilises en analysant brievement les possibilites et les avantages qu'ils offrent.

Since the 1950's, Peru has moved from a rural to an urban society. Rural migration caused a demographic explosion and emerging shantytowns ( barriadas) in peripheral areas of Lima, where a third of Peru's population currently resides. This phenomenon has transformed Lima's Hispanic character. The main actors of this process, referred to in this study as otro suburbano, were mostly Andean-peasant migrants and marginal urban individuals. Together, they built barriadas and occupied traditional urban spaces, and were considered as suburban groups excluded from the conventional city. Despite Peruvian literature's mimetic tradition, critics have stated that Peruvian writers have lacked interest in this phenomenon. This dissertation demonstrates that, by applying the concept of otredad suburbana, we find, in fact, significant relations between Lima's urban transformation and fictional stories. The focus of this study is the configuration of the otredad suburbana in Peruvian narrative between 1950 and 1992 through the analyses of eight short stories, three novels and one nouvelle, written respectively by Huanay, Congrains, Ribeyro, Bonilla, Salazar Bondy, Urteaga, Jara, and Higa. This study is divided into four parts corresponding to four points of view depicting the otro suburbano: (1) Andean-migrant (the other from the margin), (2) Urban-criollo (the other from the centre), (3) Emerging-migrant (the other and the hybridizing centre), and (4) Contemporary-urban (the other and the suburbanizing centre). Considering the literary text as the vehicle of an author's ideology, analyses are based on semiotic-narratological concepts (Bal, Genette, Lanser) and supported by categories from sociological and cultural studies (Comejo Polar, Lauer, Matos Mar, Nugent, Romero). This dissertation concludes that, (1) the otro suburbano, as fictional figure, appears alternately as a sublime, victimized, scatological, perturbing and tanatic subject; (2) the otro suburbano , in the narrative production, passed from being a contemplated object to being an agent of its own discourse; and (3) as a consequence of the other's massive presence, stories illustrate Lima moving towards a desuburbanizing periphery and consequently a suburbanizing centre.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Venezuela struggled through a profound economic, political and social crisis that resulted in popular uprisings, the collapse of some of the nation's largest financial institutions and the trial and sentence of President Carlos Andres Perez for the embezzlement of public funds. It was during this time, that author and humorist Igor Delgado Senior (1942) published three anthologies of short stories: Relatos de Tropicalia (1985), Sub-America (1992) and Sexo sentido y otros cuentos (1998). The stories collected in those volumes reflect and comment on the events of those difficult years, but they do so through the discourse of humour. The purpose of this study is to delineate the most significant qualities of the author's narrative and to describe the critical commentary he puts forth in these texts. In order to do so, it will be essential to carry out a comprehensive analysis of these stories, that is, an analysis that examines the relationship between humour and literature in these texts. Proceeding from the point of view of the reader, we shall explore how humour is woven into the fabric of these stories and how it contributes to the construction of literary meaning through an intertextual process that has its basis in parodic representation. By setting forth a methodology for integrating the study of humour to the framework of literary analysis, I describe the communicative role of humour in Delgado Senior's short stories and reflect on its social and critical values.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-258).

Rosario Ferre's literary works follow Adrienne Rich's feminist theory of writing as re-vision. According to Rich, a literary re-vision requires the woman writer and/or critic to re-vise and challenge the nature of all patriarchal structures that have oppressed women throughout the centuries. This re-visionist task has been attempted by Ferre in her literary works, where she exposes the misogyny of the patriarchal ideology embedded in and supported by cultural and social myths. / Rosario Ferre achieves her re-vision of the patriarchal ideology and eternal feminine myth through both her role as a writer and her role as a feminist literary critic. As a feminist literary critic, Ferre carries out this task through different approaches. One approach is the execution of a historical and critical re-vision of the lives and works of several women in her collection of essays, entitled Sitio a Eros. A second approach is the writing of (auto)critical literary reviews, collected in El coloquio de las perras, in order to question the literary canon and image of women in masculine literary texts. As a fiction writer, Ferre achieves her feminist re-vision of the patriarchal ideology and the eternal feminine myth by exposing and challenging them in the short stories and narrative poems from Papeles de Pandora and in her novelette "Maldito amor" or by the re-writing of fairy-tales from a feminist-feminine perspective, offering new feminine and masculine paradigms in her collection of children's stories, "Cuentos maravillosos." / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-02, Section: A, page: 0567. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

El proposito de este estudio es de senalar el tono epicista de La querra del fin del mundo de Mario Vargas Llosa. Dentro de las caracteristicas de la epica se senalan unidad de accion, in medias res, y episodio. Estas tres caracteristicas son estudiadas desde el punto de vista de Aristoteles por ser uno de los primeros en sentar las reglas del genero epico en su obra Poetica. / Algunas estrategias y tecnicas narrativas empleadas por Vargas Llosa en esta novela, como los vasos comunicantes, las cajas chinas, y la muda o salto cualitativo se demuestra que tienen sus origenes en las obras clasicas de la epica. / Otros aspectos de la epica, como el honor, los heroes, y un tema poco tratado por la critica literaria, los anti-heroes, se revisan en este estudio. Tambien se incluyen algunos topicos paganos y cristianos que comprenden las supersticiones y la religion catolica practicada por el Consejero y los campesinos que lo siguen por los sertones, asi como las descripciones de algunos ritos y ceremonias que recuerdan las practicas antiguas del cristianismo y de la Edad Media. / Para apoyar el tono epicista existente en La guerra del fin del mundo, se comparan, a lo largo de este estudio, con La Iliada y La Odisea de Homero, y La Eneida de Virgilio presentando diversos ejemplos de estas obras. / Finalmente se delinea un tema resaltante en esta novela de Vargas Llosa: el fanatismo en las figuras de tres de los personajes, quienes representan la religiosidad, el jacobismo, y el anarquismo. Estos tres aspectos del fanatismo estan simbolizados en algunas corrientes historicas, filosoficas, y politicas europeas, del cual se hacen algunos paralelos al respecto. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-09, Section: A, page: 3091. / Major Professor: Ardis L. Nelson. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

A study of the female orphan in the Hispanic novel features orphan heroines who have sources beginning with the Greek pastoral romance. Her character develops in stages through early folktales, Medieval fairy tales and the Golden Age novel. Sources influencing the development of the female orphan are Cervantes' Novelas ejemplares and Romantic, Dickensian and Galdosian novels. The orphan heroines examined are inspired by Spanish Romantic, Regional, Naturalistic and Spanish-American Regional prototypes. All of the works feature orphans or characters of uncertain parentage. / The four novels examined represent literary schools of Spanish-American Romanticism (Maria, Jorge Isaacs, 1867); Spanish Regionalism (Sotileza, Jose Maria de Pereda, 1885); Spanish Naturalism (La Regenta, Leopoldo Alas "Clarin," 1885); and Spanish-American "Criollismo" (Dona Barbara, Romulo Gallegos, 1929). / Though the orphan female in folk and fairy tales is often a victimized character, Cervantine antecedents for her character are idealized heroines of humble appearance. Picaresque antecedents anticipate orphan heroines with a troubled past. / This study is an effort to characterize the female orphan in the Hispanic novel. When considering her most salient traits, her character can be identified among the orphans and waifs of widely read prose works. The authors of these works communicate, in a distinct way, the female orphan's sense of alienation. The orphans Maria, Sotileza, Ana and Barbara view themselves as morally deficient within their isolated environments. / The female orphan communicates her disillusionment by becoming, at times, cruel and vengeful. However, when she surmounts a final obstacle, the acceptance of change, she becomes the antithesis of the picaresque heroine, who may reconcile with her past. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-10, Section: A, page: 3990. / Adviser: Ernest Rehder. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1995.

In her book of short stories Ciudad Real (1960) and her novels Balun-Canan (1957) and Oficio de tinieblas (1962), Rosario Castellanos interprets the collective and individual problems of the ethnic groups that inhabit the Mexican State of Chiapas: both the Indians and the whites. Each of the groups insists on the perpetuation of archaic values, a fact that keeps them in an ahistorical and lethargic dimension. Castellanos uses as her point of reference the world-vision of both social nuclei to delve into the psychology of her literary characters Throughout her short stories and novels, the author recreates the same themes and surroundings and creates characters whose individual problems have their origin in their cultural values. Nevertheless, the analysis of Ciudad Real, Balun-Canan and Oficio de tinieblas shows that the writer does develop artistically in the material she chooses for shaping her fictitious universe. That is why before developing the proposed theme of this dissertation, a critical evaluation of the earlier works, Balun-Canan and Ciudad Real was necessary In the second and third chapters of the dissertation there is a separate discussion of the Indians' and the whites' conception of the world and of how their scale of values leads to the existential anguish of the characters In the last part of the dissertation there is an analysis of the linguistic resources, the narrative techniques, and the structure of Oficio de tinieblas. This analysis is used to demonstrate that the narrative resources used by the author are to give form to her novelistic world which are intimately fused to or correspond with the conflicts present in the plot / acase@tulane.edu

Amazonian deforestation is a catastrophe that may define the geological epoch in which we live. Although well understood in the sciences, its multiple causes have often been distorted in the arts and letters. Nevertheless, one doubts that even if deforestation were accurately portrayed, the habitats would be conserved. One suspects that verisimilitude is a necessary but not a cufficient condition for conservation. Ultimately, the conservation of the Amazon is a question of ethics and justice Public sentiment must be cultivated through an accurate and passionate portrayal of the horror of the complex system of deforestation. Such an approach is inspired by the American abolitionist movement: just as Harriett Beecher Stowe sensitized the world to the horror of slavery through Uncle Tom's Cabin, and substantiated its factual basis in A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, artists today must sensitize the world as to the horror of deforestation while portraying its factual basis. Because drama persuades the public better than statistics, the arts and letters may be just as critical to forest conservation as is any dispassionate science Several texts and films on Amazonian deforestation are analyzed, not just for their verisimilitude but also for their capacity to motivate the public to take action. Each work is polemical and when analyzed together, the ensemble may even augment the moral outrage of an informed public to impose a limit. Inasmuch as the latter is achieved, this dissertation can fulfill the imperative of ecocriticism that academic research be proactive / acase@tulane.edu