Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise tecnológica de peças líticas lascadas, de dois sítios arqueológicos localizados no vale do Rio Paranapanema: o Sítio Arqueológico Vallone, no Município de Iepê-SP, Baixo Paranapanema, e o Sítio Gurucaia, no Município de Piraju-SP, Médio Paranapanema. Tal análise teve por objetivo contribuir com informações sobre indústrias líticas de sítios líticos. Acreditamos que os resultados obtidos, associados às demais pesquisas realizadas na região, possam contribuir com as reflexões do sistema de ocupação regional, haja vista que, na produção dos artefatos, cada grupo humano fez suas escolhas tecnológicas, as quais estão presentes na variabilidade do conjunto lítico e refletem as escolhas culturais, frente às necessidades que se impunham a partir da relação do homem com o meio ambiente. / This research shows the results of a technological analysis concerning chipped lithic artifacts found in two archaeological sites situated by the Valley of Paranapanema River: Vallone Archaeological Site, located in Iepê - SP, Low Paranapanema, and Gurucaia Site, placed in Piraju - SP, Medium Paranapanema. Such analysis aimed at providing some information about lithic industries of lithic sites. It is believed that the results of this research, joint with others carried out in the same region, can contribute to the reflexions of the regional occupation system, since each human crew, when producing the artifacts, made their technological choices, which are existent in the variability of the lithic ensemble and reflect the cultural choices made based on the needs that come up in the relationship between the man and the environment.

The peopling of the Americas, including the possibility that maritime peoples followed a coastal route from Northeast Asia into the New World, is a topic of major interest in archaeology. Paleocoastal sites on California`s Northern Channel Islands (NCI), dating between ~13,000 and 8000 years ago, may support this coastal migration theory. Until recently, however, we knew little about Paleocoastal technologies, settlement, and lifeways on the islands. Combining traditional archaeological approaches with experimental and archaeometric techniques, I examine Paleocoastal settlement and resource use on San Miguel and Santa Rosa islands. Recently discovered Paleocoastal sites have produced sophisticated chipped stone technologies, with bifacially-flaked points and crescents of extraordinary craftsmanship. Exploring lithic raw material procurement strategies, I demonstrate a Paleocoastal preference for island cherts from sources centered on western Santarosae. Using experimental and archaeometric techniques, I show that Paleocoastal peoples systematically employed heat-treatment to manufacture finely crafted bifaces from island cherts. Using stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) analyses of marine shells from Paleocoastal sites, I examine paleo-sea surface temperatures, seasonality of shellfish collecting, and human sedentism. Evaluating whether such occupations were seasonal or year-round, I tested different sampling strategies for California mussel shells, showing that a method used by many California archaeologists provides erroneous seasonality interpretations for ~35 percent of sampled shells. Using a more intensive sampling strategy, I demonstrate that some Paleocoastal sites were used seasonally, but three substantial middens dating to 8200, 9000, and 10,000 cal BP produced evidence for shell harvesting during all four seasons. This suggests that the NCI were occupied more or less permanently and year-round by at least 10,000 years ago. My research suggests that Paleocoastal peoples had a strong commitment to maritime and island lifeways starting at least 12,000 years ago. From that time until ~8000 years ago, Paleocoastal peoples relied primarily on island resources despite their close proximity to the mainland. The presence of a relatively large, permanent, and distinctive Paleocoastal population on the NCI may also support the coastal migration theory and an even deeper antiquity of human settlement and sedentism on the NCI. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da análise tecnológica de peças líticas lascadas, de dois sítios arqueológicos localizados no vale do Rio Paranapanema: o Sítio Arqueológico Vallone, no Município de Iepê-SP, Baixo Paranapanema, e o Sítio Gurucaia, no Município de Piraju-SP, Médio Paranapanema. Tal análise teve por objetivo contribuir com informações sobre indústrias líticas de sítios líticos. Acreditamos que os resultados obtidos, associados às demais pesquisas realizadas na região, possam contribuir com as reflexões do sistema de ocupação regional, haja vista que, na produção dos artefatos, cada grupo humano fez suas escolhas tecnológicas, as quais estão presentes na variabilidade do conjunto lítico e refletem as escolhas culturais, frente às necessidades que se impunham a partir da relação do homem com o meio ambiente. / This research shows the results of a technological analysis concerning chipped lithic artifacts found in two archaeological sites situated by the Valley of Paranapanema River: Vallone Archaeological Site, located in Iepê - SP, Low Paranapanema, and Gurucaia Site, placed in Piraju - SP, Medium Paranapanema. Such analysis aimed at providing some information about lithic industries of lithic sites. It is believed that the results of this research, joint with others carried out in the same region, can contribute to the reflexions of the regional occupation system, since each human crew, when producing the artifacts, made their technological choices, which are existent in the variability of the lithic ensemble and reflect the cultural choices made based on the needs that come up in the relationship between the man and the environment.

This thesis explores the findings of a diachronic analysis of three lithic assemblages from Quadra Island, British Columbia. From this, insights flow about the genealogies of technological practice and communities of skilled practitioners who inhabited the study area throughout its deep history. I use qualitative and quantitative methods including macroscopic lithic analysis, thin section petrography, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and morphometrics to operationalize these theoretical foundations. This suite of complementary methods and theory weaves a narrative of technological change alongside simultaneous continuity for hundreds of generations of human life. I argue this is evidence of the dynamic, sophisticated, yet enduring knowledge and practice of the inhabitants of the Discovery Islands throughout their deep histories that persist in the present. / Graduate / 2019-04-16