Wong, Chi Bun. / Thesis submitted in: Nov 2006. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.vii / List of Table and Figures --- p.ix / Table of Contents --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Identification of the proteins regulated by BRE when BRE was over-expressed or silencedin C2C12 and D122 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is BRE? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- BRE gene is Highly Conserved --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- BRE binds to the Intracellular Domain of TNFR1 and Fas --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- BRE Suppresses Apoptosis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- "BRE forms a Holoenzyme Complex with BRCA1, BARD1 and BRCC36" --- p.4 / Chapter 1.16 --- Roles of the Differentially Expressed Proteins Identified in the siRNA knockdown Experiments --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.1 --- Akt3 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.2 --- Mdm2/4 --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.6.3 --- Prohibitin --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.6.4 --- Carbonic Anhydrase III --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.6.5 --- 26S Proteasome --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Role of BRE in Liver: a morphological approach --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The General Structure of the Liver. --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Essential Functions of the Liver --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inflammation of the Liver --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Hepatitis --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Acute Hepatitis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Chronic Hepatitis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Necrosis and Apoptosis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- The Apoptotic Pathway --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Hepatic Necrosis is Divided into Different Zones --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.6.1 --- Hepatitis Necrosis is Categorized into 3 Zones --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.8 --- TNFa is a Pleiotropic Cytokine --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Objectives of This Project --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- p.21 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Animals --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Adminstration of Carbon Tetrachloride and Corn Oil --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cell Cultures --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Cell Culturing --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Gene Silencing with Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Transfection with BRE siRNA --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6 --- Cell Proliferation Assays --- p.24 / Chapter 2.7 --- In-Situ Hybridization of BRE Sense and Antisense Probes --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8 --- Immunohistological Staining --- p.26 / Chapter 2.9 --- Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR --- p.28 / Chapter 2.10 --- Comparative Proteomics --- p.29 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Sample Preparation for Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis --- p.29 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Two Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis --- p.30 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- In-Gel Digestion and MALDI-TOF Analysis --- p.31 / Chapter 2.11 --- Western Blotting --- p.32 / Chapter 2.12 --- Flow Cytometry --- p.34 / Chapter 2.13 --- Haematoxylin and Eosin Staining (H&E) --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- p.36 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- BRE expression in C2C12 cells --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Comparative Proteomic Profile of BRE silenced C2C12 cells --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of Silencing BRE on C2C12 cell Proliferation --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effects of BRE over-expression in D122 cells --- p.54 / Chapter 3.5 --- BRE Expression in the Liver --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Histological Analysis of Liver Sections after 24 hours of CCL4 Insult --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- BRE Expression in the Liver --- p.62 / Chapter 3.6 --- Histological Study of Liver Treated with CCL4 --- p.67 / Chapter 3.7 --- BRE Expression in Experimental Liver --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- p.92 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1 --- Expression of BRE in C2C12 --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Regulatory Function of BRE --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Relationship Between BRE and p53 --- p.98 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Relationship Between BRE and NFkB --- p.104 / Chapter 4.5 --- BRE Expression in Normal Control and CCL4 Treated Livers --- p.105 / Chapter 4.6 --- A Possible Explanation for the Necrosis Pattern Observed --- p.107 / Chapter 4.7 --- The Relationship Between BRE and the TNF Receptors --- p.109 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- p.112 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and Future Prospects --- p.112 / References --- p.116