by Wun Yuk Tsan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-129). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF FIGURES AND TABLES --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Ultrasonography in Clinical Medicine --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Ultrasonic features of the liver --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Image artifacts in liver ultrasonograms --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Characteristics of liver ultrasonic image --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Liver Carcinoma in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Morphological features of liver carcinoma --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Ultrasonographic features of liver carcinoma --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Ultrasonography and Computer --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objectives of Thesis --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Hypothesis of the thesis --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Methods of experiment --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of this Thesis --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING: A REVIEW --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1 --- Computer Vision and Medical Imaging --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Artificial intelligence --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Mathematics models --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Computer Vision and Ultrasonic Images of Liver --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Studies on radiofrequency (RF) --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Studies on amplitude derived data --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3 --- Implications of Previous Work --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Limitations of Previous Work --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- STATISTICAL TEXTURE --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Statistical Textural Analysis --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Statistical Texture for Segmentation --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Statistical Features Studied in This Research --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- First-order statistics --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Second-order statistics --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Higher-order statistics --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Novel Statistical Texture Features --- p.42 / Chapter 3.5 --- Stable Statistical Textures: A New Hypothesis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.6 --- Centroids of Statistical Texture Descriptors --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- NORMAL LIVER IMAGES --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Further Description of Normal Liver USG --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1.1. --- Equalized images --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- Stable Statistical Descriptors in Normal Liver Images --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3 --- Clustering Algorithm --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Accuracy of the algorithm --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- The algorithm and ultrasound artifacts --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Fuzzy algorithm for clustering --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Evaluation of the Algorithm --- p.63 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- IMAGES OF LIVER CARCINOMA --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1 --- Characteristics of Liver Carcinoma --- p.64 / Chapter 5.2 --- Algorithm for Tumour Detection --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Which statistical descriptors to use? --- p.66 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- How to isolate the capsules subimages? --- p.68 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- How to estimate the position of the tumour cells in the descriptor curve? --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Refinements of the algorithm --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results of the Algorithm --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4 --- Further Examples --- p.80 / Chapter 5.5 --- Evaluation of the Algorithm --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Time required by the algorithm --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Sensitivity --- p.88 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- False positives and negatives --- p.88 / Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- REVIEW AND PROSPECTS --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.1. --- The objectives --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Hypotheses --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1.3. --- Statistical features --- p.92 / Chapter 6.2 --- Evaluation --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Noises --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Statistical features --- p.94 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Methodology --- p.96 / Chapter 6.3 --- Future Work and Research --- p.98 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Implementation and further development of the system --- p.98 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Future research of the system --- p.99 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Fuzzy algorithm --- p.100 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Further work on statistical texture features --- p.100 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- The commercial potential of the system --- p.100 / Chapter 6.4 --- Final Conclusion --- p.101 / APPENDICES --- p.102 / Appendix A: Program Listings --- p.102 / Listing 1: pcx.c --- p.103 / Listing 2: feature.c --- p.108 / "Listing 3: detect, c" --- p.108 / Listing 4: centroid. c --- p.117 / AppendexB: Further Readings --- p.120 / Chapter I. --- Textbooks on Computer Vision or Images --- p.120 / Chapter II. --- Reference Books on Processing Algorithms in C Language --- p.120 / REFERENCES --- p.121