La discrétion acoustique est un enjeu majeur dans le domaine de la défense navale. Dans ce contexte, DCNS Research souhaite évaluer la capacité des métamatériaux acoustiques aléatoires localement résonnants à constituer une rupture technologique, comparativement aux matériaux anéchoïques actuels. Nous nous proposons de dimensionner, suite à une étude paramétrique conséquente, des structures contenant une répartition aléatoire d’inclusions sphériques. Des échantillons de matériaux localement résonnants ont été fabriqués. Leur réponse acoustique a été mesurée et confrontée aux prédictions issues de modèle. L’impact des résonances des inclusions et de l’angle d’incidence a été mis en évidence. Enfin, une méthode d’identification de leurs propriétés effectives a été développée à partir de mesures en réflexion et en transmission. Elle repose sur une configuration expérimentale originale. Des difficultés liées à l’extraction de la masse volumique dynamique sont mises en exergue. / Stealth is a major issue in naval defence. In this context, DCNS Research wants to know if locally-resonant acoustic metamaterials represent a technological breakthrough in comparison to current anechoic materials. We propose here a design of structures with randomly distributed spheres, based on a consequent parametric study. Samples of locally resonant materials were manufactured. Then, their acoustic response has been measured and compared to predictions based on multiple scattering theories. The presence of resonances and the impact of a non-null incidence angle have been highlighted. Finally, we developed a characterization method of the effective properties, from measurements of coefficients of reflection and transmission. Its design is based on an originally experimental setup. Difficulties coming from the retrieval of the dynamic mass density have been showed.

The objective of this doctoral thesis is to study three different innovative noise control techniques in ducts namely: acoustic metamaterials, porous absorbers and microperforates. There has been a lot of research done on all these three topics in the context of duct acoustics. This research will assess the potential of the acoustic metamaterial technique and compare to the use of conventional methods using microperforated plates and/or porous materials.  The objective of the metamaterials part is to develop a physical approach to model and synthesize bulk moduli and densities to feasibly control the wave propagation pattern, creating quiet zones in the targeted fluid domain. This is achieved using an array of locally resonant metallic patches. In addition to this, a novel thin slow sound material is also proposed in the acoustic metamaterial part of this thesis. This slow sound material is a quasi-labyrinthine structure flush mounted to a duct, comprising of coplanar quarter wavelength resonators that aims to slow the speed of sound at selective resonance frequencies. A good agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental measurements is demonstrated. The second technique is based on acoustic porous foam and it is about modeling and characterization of a novel porous metallic foam absorber inside ducts. This material proved to be a similar or better sound absorber compared to the conventional porous absorbers, but with robust and less degradable properties. Material characterization of this porous absorber from a simple transfer matrix measurement is proposed.The last part of this research is focused on impedance of perforates with grazing flow on both sides. Modeling of the double sided grazing flow impedance is done using a modified version of an inverse semi-analytical technique. A minimization scheme is used to find the liner impedance value in the complex plane to match the calculated sound field to the measured one at the microphone positions. / <p>QC 20160923</p>