De nos jours, les véhicules électriques et hybrides ont suscité un très grand intérêt en raison de préoccupations environnementales et énergétiques. Dans ces véhicules, les machines électriques utilisées sont des machines conventionnelles asynchrones et synchrones à aimants permanents. La machine à réluctance variable est une technologie candidate potentielle pour les chaînes de traction électriques et hybrides. Cette machine conçue sans aimants et redondante peut réunir la robustesse et le faible coût de la machine asynchrone aux bonnes performances de la machine synchrone à aimants permanents. Dans ce contexte, le premier objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des stratégies de commandes robustes de la machine à réluctance variable par la prise en compte des contraintes des chaînes de traction électriques en vue de réaliser une étude comparative des performances. Dans cette étude, les commandes proposées sont les commandes classiques de type PI, les commandes par mode glissant et les commandes par mode glissant d'ordre supérieur. Le deuxième objectif consiste à développer des observateurs d'état pour la commande sans capteur de position mécanique de la machine à réluctance variable. Des observateurs robustes basés sur la théorie du filtre de Kalman étendu et les modes glissants sont synthétisés pour atteindre cet objectif. Enfin, le troisième objectif est de faire une analyse des défauts électriques de type circuit ouvert de l'étage électronique de puissance par l'approche signal afin de développer une méthodologie de détection et de localisation automatique de ces défauts. / Nowadays, electric and hybrid vehicles are gaining increased attention due to environmental and energy concerns. In these vehicles, the electrical machines used are the conventional machines, namely induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines. The switched reluctance machine is a potential candidate technology for electric and hybrid drivetrains. This machine designed without magnets and redundant windings, can combine the robustness and low cost of induction machines to the good performance of permanent magnet synchronous machines. In this context, the first objective of this thesis is to propose robust control strategies of the switched reluctance machine, taking into account the constraints of electric vehicles in order to make a comparative performance study. In this study, PI control, sliding mode control and higher order sliding mode control are proposed. The second objective is to develop state observers for sensorless control. Robust observers based on extended Kalman filter theory and sliding modes are synthesized to achieve this goal. Finally, the third objective is to make an analysis of electrical open-circuit faults of the electronic power stage using the signal approach in order to develop a methodology of automatic fault isolation.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T20:46:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WELLINSÍLVIO COSTA DOS SANTOS – TESE (PPGEE) 2016.pdf: 10591682 bytes, checksum: 97299060f7fb8f9c7f837b25352da777 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T20:46:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WELLINSÍLVIO COSTA DOS SANTOS – TESE (PPGEE) 2016.pdf: 10591682 bytes, checksum: 97299060f7fb8f9c7f837b25352da777 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-15 / Capes / Uma técnica baseada em análise de transitórios eletromagnéticos é proposta para identificar faltas de alta impedância (FAI) em redes de distribuição. O algoritmo dispensa conhecimento dos parâmetros dos alimentadores e faz uso da transformada wavelet discreta (TWD) para monitorizar fenômenos transitórios associados a distúrbios no sistema de distribuição. A metodologia proposta é avaliada através de simulações em um programa de transitórios eletromagnéticos (EMTP) em um sistema de 13,8 kV, que foi modelado a partir de dados de uma rede de distribuição brasileira real. Além de FAI, foram simulados outros tipos de distúrbios, tais como faltas de baixa impedância, chaveamentos de novas linhas e bancos de capacitores. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o método é capaz de detectar a perturbação logo após o seu início e distingui-la de outros distúrbios, além de proporcionar uma redução significativa da região de localização da FAI. / An electromagnetic transient analysis-based technique is proposed to identify high impedance faults (HIF) in distribution networks. The algorithm dispenses knowledge of the feeder parameters and makes use of discrete wavelet transform (TWD) to monitor transient phenomena associated with disturbances in the distribution system. The proposed methodology is evaluated through simulations in an electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) in a 13.8 kV system, which was modeled from actual Brazilian distribution network data. Besides HIF, other types of disturbances were simulated, such as low impedance fault, and switching of lines and capacitor banks. Obtained results have shown that the method is able to detect the disturbance soon after its inception and distinguish it from other disorders, as well as providing a significant reduction in the region of its location for maintenance crews.