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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Incorpora??o do lodo de tanque s?ptico como mat?ria-prima de uma mistura asf?ltica / Septic tank sludge applied as raw material of asphalt mixture

Medeiros, Sayonara Andrade de 29 September 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SayonaraAM.pdf: 1044063 bytes, checksum: d1b95ad1d99c6054fef5cfc1ae612b07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In Natal/RN, 68% of the population uses some kind of individual system for their domestic sewers treatment, being that the most used it is septic tank, followed by sumidouro. Every treatment system of sewers, usually used, generates a by-product denominated sludge. That residue presents some components, in its constitution, undesirable under the environmental and sanitary point of view. In such case, to assure that the system treatment has satisfactory results, it is necessary to do the adjusted disposition of the sludge sewage. Several countries are looking for technical alternatives for the use and disposition of residues. Under technical and environmental conditions appropriate, these materials can be used, decreasing the consumption of the natural resources and the treatment need, storage or elimination of the wastes, what decrease the risks created. Some of the alternatives of recycling of the sludge sewage are: the application in the agriculture, in the production of energy and as raw material in the civil construction. This study evaluated asphalt mixtures behavior that partially substituted conventional aggregates by septic tank sludge. The septic tank sludge gave origin to two raw materials called raw sludge and sludge ash. The raw sludge was put as a small aggregate and the sludge ash as filler. In the first experiment it was made a comparison between the mixture with conventional aggregates and the mixtures that replaced sand by raw sludge in the proportions from 5% to 40%. In the second experiment, it was made comparison between mixtures with 1%, 2% and 3% of sludge ash and cement. The stages developed along the study were: physical characterization of the conventional materials; physical, chemistry, thermal, mineralogical characterizations and analysis of environmental risk of the raw sludge; physical characterization and analysis of environmental risk of the sludge ash; analysis of the mixtures performance through its volumetric and mechanical characteristics; forecast of the mixtures susceptibility in the moisture presence. For the grain size composition used and with the percentage asphalt adopted, the mixtures with up to 7,5% of raw sludge in his composition attend to the National Department of Transports Infrastructure (DNIT) specifications. However, in agreement with the mixtures susceptibility in the moisture presence, the mixtures with addition of raw sludge don't present satisfactory acting. In such case, they could be used in arid and semi-arid areas. The raw sludge application in mixtures increased their voids volume and their stability. However, it damaged mixtures adhesiveness. Mixtures with sludge ash and with cement presented similar behavior. However, mixtures with sludge ash presented a better performance than mixtures with cement as for their stability and their tensile strength ratio. The mixture with 1% of sludge ash is better. The wastes studied don't represent environmental risk / Em Natal/RN, 68% da popula??o adotam algum tipo de sistema individual para o tratamento dos seus esgotos dom?sticos, sendo que a mais empregada ? a do tipo tanque s?ptico, seguido de sumidouro. Todo sistema de tratamento de esgotos, usualmente empregado, gera um subproduto denominado lodo. Esse res?duo apresenta alguns componentes, em sua constitui??o, indesej?veis sob o ponto de vista ambiental e sanit?rio. Sendo assim, para garantir que o sistema de tratamento tenha resultados satisfat?rios, ? necess?rio fazer a disposi??o final adequada do lodo de esgoto. V?rios pa?ses v?m buscando alternativas t?cnicas para o aproveitamento e disposi??o de res?duos. Sob condi??es t?cnicas e ambientais adequadas, estes materiais podem ser empregados, diminuindo assim o consumo dos recursos naturais e a necessidade de tratamento, armazenamento ou elimina??o dos rejeitos, tendo-se, como conseq??ncia, a redu??o dos riscos gerados. Algumas das alternativas de reciclagem do lodo de esgoto s?o: a aplica??o do mesmo na agricultura, na produ??o de energia e como insumo na constru??o civil. Este trabalho avalia o comportamento de misturas asf?lticas que substituem parcialmente os agregados convencionais por lodo de tanque s?ptico. O lodo de tanque s?ptico originou duas mat?rias-prima denominadas lodo in natura e lodo calcinado. O lodo in natura foi empregado como um agregado mi?do e o lodo calcinado como um filler. No primeiro experimento, fez-se a compara??o entre a mistura que empregou somente agregados convencionais e as misturas que substitu?ram a areia por lodo in natura nas propor??es de 5% a 40%. No segundo experimento, fez-se a compara??o entre as misturas com 1%, 2% e 3% de lodo calcinado e de cimento. As etapas desenvolvidas ao longo do estudo foram: caracteriza??o f?sica dos materiais convencionais; caracteriza??o f?sica, qu?mica, t?rmica, mineral?gica e an?lise de risco ambiental do lodo in natura; caracteriza??o f?sica e an?lise de risco ambiental do lodo calcinado; an?lise do desempenho das misturas que incorporaram os res?duos, atrav?s de seu comportamento volum?trico e mec?nico; previs?o da susceptibilidade das misturas estudadas na presen?a de umidade. Para a composi??o granulom?trica utilizada e com o teor de asfalto adotado, as misturas com at? 7,5% de lodo in natura em sua composi??o atendem as especifica??es do Departamento Nacional de Infra-estrutura de Transportes DNIT. No entanto, de acordo com o ensaio de susceptibilidade ? umidade, as misturas com adi??o de lodo in natura n?o apresentam desempenho satisfat?rio. Sendo assim, elas poderiam ser empregadas em regi?es ?ridas e semi-?ridas. A incorpora??o de lodo in natura aumenta o volume de vazios e a estabilidade das misturas. No entanto, prejudica a adesividade das mesmas na presen?a de ?gua. As misturas com lodo calcinado apresentam comportamento semelhante ?s misturas com cimento. No entanto, apresentam melhor desempenho quanto ? estabilidade e a rela??o de resist?ncia ? tra??o. A mistura com 1% de lodo calcinado ? a que apresenta melhor desempenho, segundo os crit?rios estudados. Os res?duos estudados n?o representam risco ambiental, de acordo com a an?lise preliminar feita

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