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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

La tradition du town design et sa transmission par les acteurs des villes nouvelles françaises / UK planning postwar tradition and its transmission in France by operators of new towns

Portnoi, Anne 15 May 2017 (has links)
Cette recherche porte sur l’une des traditions urbanistiques britanniques de l’après-guerre, le town design, et sur sa transmission en France dans le cadre de la construction des villes nouvelles. Ma thèse se développe ainsi en deux temps : la première partie définit ces savoirs urbanistiques dans le milieu britannique et étudie leur mise en pratique ainsi que leur formalisation ; la seconde partie analyse leur réception et leur reformulation dans le contexte français, ainsi que les motivations des acteurs impliqués. Mon travail s’attache à analyser la façon dont la tradition du town design se codifie progressivement au travers des plans anglais des années d’après-guerre, ces études urbaines commanditées par des municipalités dans lesquelles s’exprime et se formalise une façon de faire la ville. Un enjeu important de mon travail est de replacer, dans l’histoire des débats urbains, l’apport de ces professionnels « installés », modernistes, en tant qu'inventeurs de formes et de doctrines. Cette histoire des savoir-faire étudie plus spécifiquement la façon dont des concepts sont mobilisés par les acteurs et transformés par leur pratique. Au fondement de la tradition du town design se trouve la méthode du neighbourhood planning, qui repose sur l’opérationnalisation du concept d’unité de voisinage. Ce concept opératoire, appliqué au développement d’un territoire, se traduit directement par l’usage de trois outils de conception : le programme (distribution spatio-temporelle et fonctions des équipements), la mobilité (connexions et temporalité des déplacements) et la composition par groupements (et non via un tracé ordonnateur). Ces outils se trouvent appliqués dans la centralité avec l’opération du Barbican Centre, chef d’œuvre ambigu du town design qui, s’appuyant sur un dispositif de precinct, propose un environnement autonome et attractif comme réponse au défi de la construction de logements dans les conditions de la centralité. Un autre enjeu, qui fait l’objet de la seconde partie de ce travail, est d’étudier différents modes de transmission de ces savoir-faire urbanistiques et d’identifier des « chaînes de transmission » et les « agents de transfert » dans le contexte français. Je montre l’intérêt profond des concepteurs français de villes nouvelles pour le travail sur la programmation et pour l’exigence rationnelle générale (accumulation de données, élaboration d’hypothèses…) qui caractérisent l’approche britannique. À la fin des années 1960, les acteurs des villes nouvelles veulent rompre avec l’urbanisme de plan, caractéristique des savoir-faire urbains appliqués en France depuis l’après-guerre. Une étude de cas autour de la collaboration de la Mission de Cergy-Pontoise avec Shankland et Cox fournit un exemple clair de transfert de savoir-faire entre deux grandes institutions publiques : il s'agit d'une part du département d’architecture du London County Council (LCC) – en charge, notamment, de l’élaboration du plan de Londres de 1944 et de sa mise en application – et d'autre part de l’Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme de la région parisienne (IAURP), en charge de la création des villes nouvelles autour de la capitale. L’intérêt pour l’expérience britannique s’explique par les instructions très claires du ministère, relayées par le directeur de la Mission, Bernard Hirsch, qui exigent de laisser aux sociétés privées une plus grande part d’initiative dans le développement de la ville nouvelle. L’expérience britannique permet aussi aux jeunes architectes de la Mission, comme l’ont fait avant eux les jeunes architectes du LCC, de définir une nouvelle pratique d’aménageur-concepteur : un concepteur dont l’action n’est ni exclusivement réglementaire ni celle d’un « auteur », et qui accepte l’incertitude de l’évolution du projet dans le temps / My research focuses on a post-war British planning tradition called “town design”, and on its transfer and diffusion in France through the work of new towns designer. The first part of the dissertation defines this tradition as a specific set of urban skills and concepts developed during the British post-war years. The second part analyses its reception and reformulation in the 1960’s French context. The dissertation aims to show how the tradition of town design was gradually codified through the making of urban plans commissioned by municipalities in the post-war years. An important issue was to establish that “mainstream” professional modernist architects could be inventors of forms and doctrines. This study shows more specifically how concepts are mobilised and transformed by professional pratice. The tradition of town design relies on neighbourhood planning and uses the neighbourhood unit’ as an operational concept in the development of central areas. As such, the Barbican Center may be considered an ambiguous masterpiece of town design. It confronts the challenge of building dwellings in central areas within a pedestrian precinct conceived as an autonomous and attractive environment. The second part of this work is dedicated to the study of the different ways in which the urban tradition has been “transmitted” to France and of its "transmission chains" and "transfer agents" in the French context. The thesis shows that the French new town designers praise the British tradition for its emphasis on briefing and programming, as well as its data-driven, firmly rational approach. The case study of the close collaboration between the Mission de Cergy-Pontoise and the Shankland and Cox practice demonstrates that a full set of skills and concepts was transferred between two major public institutions: the architects’ department of London County Council (LCC) and the Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme de la région parisienne (IAURP), which was in charge of the creation of new towns around the capital
2

London government in transition : L.C.C. to G.L.C. 1962-1967

Anderson, Colin Roy January 1996 (has links)
This thesis concentrates upon a largely neglected subject wi thin contemporary political history, that is the transition in London government from the London County Council (L.C.C.) to the Greater London Council (G.L.C.). It is a study of the actions and reactions of poli tical parties at central government, county council, and district council level, and incorporates the role of non-political party pressure groups. The bulk of the thesis is concerned with the L.C.C. area. Consideration is, however, given to the non-L.C.C. area incorporated into the larger C.L.C. This work demonstrates that there was no consensus regarding the need for reform. It is argued that the lack of consensus led to compromises that failed to satisfy many interested groups and thus the C.L.C. was often perceived to be flawed. This thesis derives from an exhaustive literature search and extensive reading. The records of political parties were very useful. Newspapers and journals aided research, as did a series of interviews with key surviving individuals. A further source of information were the minutes of various local authorities and connected bodies. Previously unavailable records have been used, for example, Conservative Party and Government records. With the aid of these new sources this work uniquely concentrates on exposing the political constraints and biases that caused a flawed local government system to be introduced.
3

Music Hall and the Age of Resistance / Music Hall and the Age of Resistance: A Study of the Censorship Practices Which Influenced the Form of the Victorian Music Hall Leading to the 1912 Royal Command Performance and Beyond

Feldner, Kirsten January 2019 (has links)
Building on Penelope Summerfield’s argument that the end of the Victorian music hall in the early twentieth century signaled not “death” but a class-conscious evolution of the genre prompted by a “process of deliberate selection later made to look natural and inevitable,” this project examines the acts of censorship and resistance which characterised the final years of the Victorian music hall. Selecting the 1912 Royal Variety or Royal Command Performance as the “end” point of the genre, and limiting my focus to London music halls, this project examines competing aims of working, middle, and upper class participants: it suggests that the upper-class aspirations of the managers of London’s music halls, paired with middle-class moral desire for social control over the working-classes, eventually enforced by the London County Council in the mid-late nineteenth century, saw the rise of “respectability” in the genre while severing its ties to London’s working classes. Juxtaposing ephemeral evidence produced by or focused on London music halls in the late nineteenth century (leading up to and including the 1912 Royal Command Performance) with contemporary research on the classed nature of social control and censorship practices, this thesis intends to make the classed-struggle for power and ownership over the identity of London’s music halls evident. In doing so, the thesis alludes to the potential success of a third wave of music hall or the neo-music hall, to replace out-dated reflections of the music hall revival sparked by “The Good Old Days” and nostalgia post World War II. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This thesis pairs an analysis of meeting minutes, newspaper articles, song-sheets, and theatrical programmes from London’s Victorian music halls with contemporary music hall scholarship and studies of censorship to add to the discussion of the genre’s “end” or “death.” Using the work of Judith Butler, this thesis is divided into a study of how censorship transformed the music hall’s landscape, content, and culminating performance from its onset. As a result, this thesis argues that the controlling factors which shaped the genre led to what other music hall scholars have considered its end. By identifying the styles and modes of censorship used in the evolution of the English music hall genre, and in in-period methods of resistance to social control, this project suggests the radical potential of the music hall form as a contemporary style of theatre.

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