This thesis analyses the National Innovation System of Turkey. In order to achieve this purpose, on the one hand, &lsquo / catching-up&rsquo / , &lsquo / forging ahead&rsquo / , and &lsquo / falling behind&rsquo / processes of the countries and their relationships with economic growth, long wave theories, and valid techno-economic paradigm have been studied / while on the other hand, the historical evolution of the science, technology, and innovation systems, are investigated together with foresight studies, which are considered as their guide. In conclusion, with appropriate policies and implementations, it is asserted that Turkey could achieve &lsquo / quantum jump&rsquo / by acquiring a number of innovation opportunities, and thus, she could increase her national productivity and subsequently, her competitive power on the international arena.