The thesis aims to contribute to the question of the origins of efficient institutional arrangements, which are regarded essential for economic development and long-term economic growth. In Africa most institutional frameworks were established under colonial rule and then persisted to a large extent. In this sense colonialism offers a "natural experiment" - a phase in which European institutions were transferred to African countries. The thesis investigates the influence of colonial rule on the institutional development of two countries and former British colonies: Botswana and Nigeria. It applies a theoretical model of institutional legitimacy based on the theoretic work of Douglass North and Oliver Williamson. The case studies' findings highlight the persistence of pre-colonial informal institutions grounded in cultural norms and beliefs of the local populations. In addition, pre-existing levels of urbanisation, constraints on political power and integration in colonial labour markets have been factors which influenced the transfer of European institutions. (author's abstract)

Submitted by David Vicentin (davidvicentin@gmail.com) on 2015-02-10T03:26:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_VicentinD_CrescimentoLP_150209v2.pdf: 2861471 bytes, checksum: 7e24a753b428421ca829197d0e83e64c (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado David, boa tarde Seu trabalho foi rejeitado, por não estar dentro dos padrões das normas da ABNT. Segue abaixo, o que deve ser corrigido: 1 - Onde consta o nome da FGV, retirar o acento agudo da palavra Getulio. 2 - Na capa, seu nome deve estar em letra maiúscula, conforme consta na contra capa. 3 - A numeração das páginas, devem estar no canto direito do trabalho e não ao meio, como consta. Aguardo a correção. Att Renata on 2015-02-10T15:24:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by David Vicentin (davidvicentin@gmail.com) on 2015-02-10T16:36:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_VicentinD_CrescimentoLP_150209v3.pdf: 2859463 bytes, checksum: f33e1685c6283af90b0fe1b59b4f54b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-02-10T16:57:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_VicentinD_CrescimentoLP_150209v3.pdf: 2859463 bytes, checksum: f33e1685c6283af90b0fe1b59b4f54b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T17:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_VicentinD_CrescimentoLP_150209v3.pdf: 2859463 bytes, checksum: f33e1685c6283af90b0fe1b59b4f54b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02 / This paper objective is to do a survey about long term economic. It considers different model types and evaluate the relation of government with long term economic growth. Chapter 1 presents an introduction about modern growth theory and factors which were identified and impact in GDP per capita growth. Chapters 2 and 3 presents The Solow-Swan Model (with exogenous savings rate) and the Ramsey Model (optimization of consumption) are evaluated. Chapter 4 focus in different types of production function that are capable to generate or limit wealth creation. Chapter 5 presents production functions considering government as an explaining variable. Chapter 6, models are developed considering taxes and transfers with the objective to evaluate the impact in dynamic system equations. Chapter 7 GDP per capita, government per capita spending, capital per capita from Germany, Brazil, China, Denmark, United States of America and France to identify the factors participation in economic growth. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um ensaio sobre crescimento econômico de longo prazo considerando diferentes tipos de modelos e avaliar a relação do governo com o crescimento de longo prazo. No Capítulo 1 é feita uma introdução sobre a teoria do crescimento moderno e quais os fatores foram identificados como capazes de contribuir para o crescimento do PIB per capita. Nos Capítulos 2 e 3 são apresentados os modelos de crescimento econômico de longo prazo de Solow-Swan (com taxa de poupança exógena) e o modelo de Ramsey (com otimização do consumo). O Capítulo 4 foca os diferentes tipos de função produção capazes de gerar ou restringir a criação de riquezas. O Capítulo 5 traz as funções produção contemplando o governo como variável explicativa. No capítulo 6 são desenvolvidas análises de modelos contemplando arrecadação de impostos e transferências a fim de se avaliar o impacto nas equações dinâmicas do sistema. No capítulo 7, são utilizados dados de PIB per capita, gastos per capita do governo e capital per capita de Alemanha, Brasil, China, Dinamarca, Estados Unidos e França para identificar a participação destes fatores no crescimento econômico.

The purpose of this study is to have an in-depth understanding of the importance of the institutional environment for financial development in 43 Sub-Saharan African countries during the years 2004-2018. Using new institutional economic theory (NIE) we study how the four institutional factors Control of Corruption, Rule of Law, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, and Voice and Accountability affect financial development. We also survey how the effect of institutional factors varies when there are either high, medium or low levels of corruption. Empirical results show a positive linear relationship between all institutional factors and financial development. However, when corruption levels are high the correlation between institutional factors and financial development varies and has a weak linear relationship. Inferential statistics results from a fixed effect regression model with robust standard errors shows; when we control for the financial environment, Political Stability and Absence of Violence is the only indicator for the institutional environment that has a positive significant effect on financial development. We thereby conclude that the institutional environment, mostly political institutions, are important for financial development. / Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupgående förståelse av institutionell miljö för finansiell utveckling i 43 Subsahariska afrikanska länder för åren 2004–2018. Med hjälp av den nya institutionella ekonomiska teorin undersöker vi hur de fyra institutionella faktorer Kontroll av Korruption, Rättsstat, Politisk Stabilitet och Frånvaro av Våld och Röst och Ansvarsskyldighet påverkar finansiell utveckling. Vi undersöker också hur effekten av institutionella faktorer varierar när det finns hög, medium eller låg nivå av korruption. Empiriskt resultat visar ett positivt linjärt samband mellan alla institutionella faktorer och finansiell utveckling. Däremot, när korruptions nivåerna är höga är korrelationen mellan institutionella faktorer och finansiell utveckling varierar och har ett svagt linjärt samband. Resultatet från inferentiell statistik med fixed-effektregressionsmodell med robust standardfel visar att; när vi kontrollerar för den finansiella miljön, kvarstår endast Politisk Stabilitet och Frånvaro av Våld som en indikator för institutionell miljö som har en positiv signifikant effekt på finansiell utveckling. Vi konstaterar därmed att institutionell miljö, särskilt politiska institutioner är viktiga för finansiell utveckling.