No / Due to high penetration of single-phase Photovoltaic (PV) cells into low voltage (LV) distribution networks, several impacts such as voltage unbalance, voltage rise, power losses, reverse power flow arise which leads to operational constraints violation in the network. In this paper, a time series Three Phase Optimal Power Flow (TPOPF) method is proposed to minimize the voltage unbalance in LV distribution networks with high penetration of residential PVs. TPOPF problem is formulated using the current injection method in which the PVs are modelled via a time-varying PV power profile with active and reactive power control. The proposed method is validated on a real LV distribution feeder. The results show that the reactive power management of the PVs helps mitigate the voltage unbalance significantly. Moreover, the voltage unbalance index reduced significantly compared to the case without voltage unbalance minimisation. / Innovate UK GCRF Energy Catalyst Pi-CREST project under Grant number 41358; British Academy GCRF COMPENSE project under Grant GCRFNGR3\1541; Mut’ah University, Jordan

Yes / The low voltage (LV) distribution network is the last stage of the power network, which is connected directly to the end user customers and supplies many dispersed small-scale loads. In order to achieve environmental targets and to address the energy shortage issue, governments worldwide increase the renewable energy sources (RES) into the electricity grid. In addition, different types of low carbon technologies (LCTs) such as electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming widely used. A significant portion of RES and LCTs is penetrated into the LV distribution network, which poses a wide range of challenges. In order to address these challenges, there is a persistent need to develop traditional planning and operation frameworks to cope with these new technologies. In this context, this paper provides a comprehensive review about planning, operation, and management of LV distribution networks. The characteristics, types, and topologies of LV distribution networks plus different aspects of operation and planning are investigated. An insightful investigation of the reasons impacts and mitigation of voltage and current unbalanced in LV networks is provided. Moreover, the main three-phase power flow techniques used to analyze the LV networks are analyzed.

Orientador: Antonio Padilha Feltrin / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de estratégia global de controle de tensão que emprega programação não linear e duas extensões de estratégias de controle de tensão, encontrados na literatura. O principal objetivo destas estratégias é solucionar o problema de aumento de tensão nas redes de distribuição de baixa tensão, causado pela injeção de potência do gerador fotovoltaico distribuído. Estas estratégias de controle de tensão foram implementadas e analisadas a fim de verificar a sua eficácia e comparar os seus comportamentos. Para os testes, foram considerados a operação de geradores fotovoltaicos monofásicos e trifásicos distribuídos em um sistema teste de distribuição em baixa tensão. Os resultados mostraram que depois da aplicação das estratégias de controle, os perfis de tensão em regime permanente ficaram dentro da faixa de tensão permitida, obtendo-se uma mínima redução de potência ativa injetada dos geradores fotovoltaicos com os seus correspondentes fatores de potência. / Abstract: This work presents a proposal of a global voltage control strategy that use nonlinear programming and two extensions of voltage control strategies that are found in the literature. The main objective of these strategies is to solve the problem of voltage increase in low voltage distribution networks, caused by the power injection of the distributed photovoltaic generator. These voltage control strategies have been implemented and analyzed in order to verify their effectiveness and compare their behaviors. For the test, the operation of single-phase and three-phase photovoltaic generators distributed in a low voltage distribution test system were considered. The results showed that after the application of the control strategies, the steady-state voltage profiles were whihin the allowed voltage range, obtaining a minimum reduction of the active power injection of the photovoltaic generators with their corresponding powe factors. / Mestre

Submitted by JAIMIS SAJID LEON COLQUI null (jeimis.leon@gmail.com) on 2017-06-30T12:04:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Jaimis Leon_Eng_Eletrica.pdf: 1870541 bytes, checksum: cb3fb21a21d28fea6773b5e6d6b213bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-06-30T14:27:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leoncolqui_js_me_ilha.pdf: 1870541 bytes, checksum: cb3fb21a21d28fea6773b5e6d6b213bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-30T14:27:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leoncolqui_js_me_ilha.pdf: 1870541 bytes, checksum: cb3fb21a21d28fea6773b5e6d6b213bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de estratégia global de controle de tensão que emprega programação não linear e duas extensões de estratégias de controle de tensão, encontrados na literatura. O principal objetivo destas estratégias é solucionar o problema de aumento de tensão nas redes de distribuição de baixa tensão, causado pela injeção de potência do gerador fotovoltaico distribuído. Estas estratégias de controle de tensão foram implementadas e analisadas a fim de verificar a sua eficácia e comparar os seus comportamentos. Para os testes, foram considerados a operação de geradores fotovoltaicos monofásicos e trifásicos distribuídos em um sistema teste de distribuição em baixa tensão. Os resultados mostraram que depois da aplicação das estratégias de controle, os perfis de tensão em regime permanente ficaram dentro da faixa de tensão permitida, obtendo-se uma mínima redução de potência ativa injetada dos geradores fotovoltaicos com os seus correspondentes fatores de potência. / This work presents a proposal of a global voltage control strategy that use nonlinear programming and two extensions of voltage control strategies that are found in the literature. The main objective of these strategies is to solve the problem of voltage increase in low voltage distribution networks, caused by the power injection of the distributed photovoltaic generator. These voltage control strategies have been implemented and analyzed in order to verify their effectiveness and compare their behaviors. For the test, the operation of single-phase and three-phase photovoltaic generators distributed in a low voltage distribution test system were considered. The results showed that after the application of the control strategies, the steady-state voltage profiles were whihin the allowed voltage range, obtaining a minimum reduction of the active power injection of the photovoltaic generators with their corresponding powe factors.