A review of all available surface and subsurface data on Triassic and Lower Jurassic rocks in northeastern Arizona has revealed the following information. The Moenkopi Formation, the Chinle Formation, and the Glen Canyon Group of Triassic and Early Jurassic age are present throughout most of the study area. These units form a sequence of continental and transitional marine origin that shows notable vertical and lateral facies changes. The Moenkopi Formation thickening west and northwestward with a maximum thickness of 134 meters. The unit comprises sandstone and shale, and shows more shaley facies westward. The Chinle Formation shows minimum thickness to the north and thickens toward east and south with a maximum thickness toward west. This unit dominantly consists of sandy shale, but contains more sandstone westward and north westward. The unit contains some limestone in north and northern region. The Chinle Formation is overlain by the Glen Canyon Group, which in ascending order comprises the Wingate Sandstone, the Moenave Formation, the Kayenta Formation, and the Navajo Sandstone. The Wingate Sandstone shows its maximum thickness in the central and southcentral region of the study area and thins west and eastward. This unit mainly comprises sandstone, particularly in its upper part. The Moenave Formation displays its zero thickness, in the eastern region and shows its maximum thickness, 198 meters, in the west-central part. The unit mainly consist of sandstone. The Kayenta Formation attains its greatest thickness, 204 meters, in the southwestern part of the region and thins east and northward. This formation contains high percentages of sandstone. Within the area of this study, the Navajo Sandstone is the thickest formation in the Glen Canyon Group. This unit almost entirely consist of sandstone pinches out toward the south and east, and displays its maximum thickness, 300 meters, northward.

Les roches mères marines présentent des hétérogénéités spatiales et temporelles de répartition et de qualité. Leur dépôt et leurs variations sont des phénomènes complexes résultant de l’interaction de plusieurs processus. Ces derniers ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études, mais le débat sur leurs impacts relatifs reste vif. L’évolution des outils de modélisation numérique permet désormais une approche quantitative et ouvre la voie à l’étude des couplages entre ces processus. La bonne connaissance géologique acquise sur les bassins sédimentaires du Jurassique inférieur d’Europe et la présence de plusieurs niveaux de roche mère en font un cas idéal pour caractériser les processus gouvernant la distribution de la matière organique (MO). Cette thèse présente l’étude et la modélisation numérique de ces bassins qui ont permis de déterminer l’influence relative des facteurs de contrôle de la distribution de la MO à différentes échelles. Ces travaux apportent de nouveaux éléments au débat portant sur le rôle relatif de ces processus. L’impact primordial de la morphologie des bassins mis en avant va à l’encontre de la littérature dominante dans laquelle la production et la conservation de la MO occultent les autres facteurs. Ces deux processus jouent à l’évidence un rôle important, mais les modalités de leur expression sont entièrement dépendantes de la morphologie des bassins. L’ensemble de ces travaux met en avant la nécessité d’élargir le débat pour une meilleure compréhension de la distribution globale des roches mères, en testant la même approche modélisatrice sur d’autres intervalles riches en MO, dans d’autres contextes paléogéographiques et pour d’autres types de kérogène. / Marine source-rocks have heterogeneities both in their distribution and quality over time and space. The deposition of these organic-rich sediments and their variations are complex phenomena resulting from the convergence of several processes which were the subject of many studies. However, the debate on their relative roles and impacts remains strong. The evolution of numerical modelling tools now allows a quantitative approach and new studies about the interaction between these processes. Because of their general context and the presence of several source-rocks, the Lower Jurassic sedimentary basins of Europe are an ideal case to characterize the processes governing the distribution of organic matter (OM). This thesis present the study and the numerical modelling of these basins which allowed to determine the relative influence of the control factors of the OM distribution at various scales. These works bring new elements into the debate about the relative role of these processes. The primary impact of the basin morphology highlighted by these works goes against the dominant literature in which the production and preservation of OM conceal the other factors. Both of these processes obviously play an important role in the distribution of organic-rich layers, but their setting are entirely dependent on the basin morphology. All this work highlights the need to widen the debate for a better understanding of the source rock global distribution, by using the same modelling approach with others organic-rich intervals, others palaeogeographic contexts and for others kind of kerogens.