Thesis (Ph. D.)--Louisiana State University, Dept. of Geography and Anthropology, 1954. / Vita. Abstract. HTML version of 1954 doctoral dissertation. Last viewed: 5/8/2008 Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92).

Thesis (M.A.)--Wisconsin State University (Madison), 1953. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 212). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 309-320).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Three countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines were chosen and the capacity of the forest sector to contribute to the process of indigenous growth and development was analysed. Direct action in the rural sector is vital to help alleviate poverty and unemployment in the Third World. Although there is a lack of a general, substantiated strategy for the rural sector, small scale, labour intensive industrialization would be a useful part of such a strategy. Export substitution has been successful in several Asian countries. Any role that the forest sector could have in promoting rural development would depend upon the capacity of the forest industries to increase local retained income, local value added and employment opportunities. The nature of their production functions would be highly significant. Economies of scale and integration were recognised as common features. The extent to which industrial policy can influence labour intensive industrialization and technological innovation seemed crucial. Conventional views of the role of the forest industries in the development process were judged to be partial. Examination of the supply and demand relationship of the forest sector in each of the three countries showed that the rapid expansion of international trade in forest products and the growing proportion of tropical hardwood exports from Southeast Asian producers reflected the dominance of log exports from the countries studied. The importance of foreign exchange earnings as a proportion of each country's export bill was the prime consideration. In Indonesia, the forest sector's fortunes were found to be determined by the role of foreign investment. The picture was slightly-different in Malaysia. In Peninsular Malaysia the forest sector has been integrated with agriculture through land-clearing schemes1 for agricultural development. The growth of processed forest products was noted. In Sabah, indigenisation measures have affected the control of the resource with the state government playing an active part. The mixed fortunes of the Philippines which has lost prominence as a log exporter and is suffering-competition from the in-transit processors, reflected that, most of the growth in processed forest products was closely reliant upon import dependent industrialization policies. Log exports are especially dominant in the remoter areas of each country and heavy investment in infrastructure would be needed to establish forest industries. Measures taken to reduce or ban log exports have been applied to ensure a supply of logs to the existing industries in Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines. The analysis of the forest sector in these countries used a framework which emphasised the importance of employment, local income and value added. Adopting the criteria of past national development objectives the sector has made a substantial contribution: the main criterion being that of foreign exchange earnings. It was contended that the expressed aims of achieving employment and social justice could not be met by a furtherance of the present pattern of resource exploitation or by the development of the forest sector for large scale, export-oriented operations. Instead, a subordination of this role was recommended and policies which would involve the multi-faceted nature of rural development should recognise the potential of the existing forest industries. Policies ought to favour local entrepreneurs,local skills and indigenous forest industries. The country specific nature of the forest sector's contribution to economic development may only be realised where the needs of the rural sector taken to be paramount. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Based on the author's thesis, State University College of Forestry of Syracuse, N.Y. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-111).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis deals with a comparative economic analysis of the truck, rail and water modes of transporting raw wood in the British Columbia Forest Industry. The thesis is directed toward establishing general guidelines for the determination of the optimal mode or combination of modes for transporting wood from the forest to consuming plants. Companies holding large tracts of timber find it necessary to do a comparative analysis of each transportation mode for their own specific situation before designing a transportation network. Since the location of wood-using plants has considerable effect upon transportation networks, this topic is also included in the thesis. The first part of the thesis shows the importance and the variety of transportation methods employed in the British Columbia Forest Industry. The largest portion of logging costs is directly attributable to transportation. Improved technology has led to several important changes in forest transportation in recent years. These are mainly the change-over from private logging railways to truck transport, and the complete change from Davis rafts to self-loading and self-dumping barges. A large portion of the thesis is concerned with a graphical comparison of transfer rates for raw forest products over distance for each of the transportation modes. Break-even distances between modes were calculated graphically. This portion of the study was accomplished by gathering province-wide transfer rates for raw wood from the Canadian National Railways, the Canadian Pacific Railway, the Pacific Great Eastern Railway, the Motor Carriers Branch of the Public Utilities Commission, various trucking firms, tugboat companies, forestry firms, and the British Columbia Forest Service. Rates for various distances were plotted for each mode and forest product. Curves and intersections were analyzed. In the transfer of logs, it was found that water rates are the lowest even at short distances. This is unlike transfer rates for other commodities where at short distances, water transfer rates are higher than both truck and railway rates. The buoyancy and ruggedness of wood make it naturally suited to low cost forms of water transport, especially by flat raft where investment in vessels is minimal . Average log transfer rates for truck and rail indicate a break-even distance between these modes of about 15 miles. When considering that most log hauls originate by truck, the cost of transshipping to rail cars causes the actual break-even to occur at about 70 miles. A similar analysis was carried out for chip and lumber transfer rates. A comparison on a common per hundredweight basis is made of transfer rates for logs, chips, and lumber by all modes. A comparison of average transfer rates indicates an economic line-haul distance for logs of about 90 miles by truck, 270 miles by rail, and 1,000 miles by barge when $12 hauling allowance remains after gathering logs at transportation terminals. Actual hauls throughout the province rarely exceed the above distances. Many other economic aspects of the above modes besides rates, are of considerable importance and are considered in some detail in three separate chapters. For example, the construction of private roads or roads of higher standard may favorably affect costs, depending upon the volume of timber to be hauled. Since timber is heavy and bulky, and experiences a large weight loss upon conversion, mills have tended to be raw-material oriented rather than market oriented. However, on coastal British Columbia, mills tend to be more centralized, with the resource being gathered over a wide area by using cheap water transportation. Future technological developments may result in the use of pipelines, helicopters, and conveyor belts in the transfer of raw forest products. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate