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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos do uso da Cannabis sativa durante a gestação sobre o desenvolvimento pulmonar: estudo experimental em camundongos / Effects of Cannabis sativa during gestation on lung development: an experimental study in mice

Belotti, Luciano 19 June 2019 (has links)
A Cannabis sativa é a droga ilícita usada com maior frequência por gestantes. O Delta9-tetrahidrocanabinol é o canabinóide principal responsável pelos efeitos psicoativos agindo principalmente nos receptores canabinóides 1 no cérebro. O consumo de Cannabis durante a gestação pode afetar o sistema endocanabinóide causando impactos na fase implantacional e no desenvolvimento fetal. Além disso, o Delta9- tetrahidrocanabinol é uma substância que pode atravessar a barreira feto-placentária e estar presente no leite materno. Sabe-se, no entanto, que qualquer estímulo ou insulto em um período crítico de desenvolvimento embrionário-fetal pode representar consequências mais tarde na vida. A fumaça de Cannabis contém elementos tóxicos prejudiciais semelhantes aos da fumaça de cigarro, logo o uso crônico de Cannabis tem sido associado a efeitos deletérios sobre o sistema respiratório. Embora vários estudos abordarem os efeitos da exposição à Cannabis sativa, escassos são aqueles que estudam a exposição gestacional e seus efeitos na prole. Além disso, os efeitos da Cannabis sativa sobre o desenvolvimento pulmonar são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os efeitos do uso da Cannabis sativa no desenvolvimento pulmonar da prole de camundongos, cujas mães foram expostas no período de gestação e analisar os efeitos no próprio tecido pulmonar dessas mães. Camundongos fêmeas grávidas (BALB/c) com aproximadamente 3 meses foram expostas à fumaça de Cannabis sativa ou ar filtrado por um período de 13 dias. Após as exposições os pulmões e os fetos das fêmeas grávidas foram coletados e o perfil inflamatório pulmonar avaliado no lavado broncoalveolar. As análises morfologia tecidual foram conduzidas e avaliadas utilizando os parâmetros estereológicos do volume pulmonar total, volume total e densidade de volume dos compartimentos pulmonares (parênquima pulmonar, vias aéreas, vasos sanguíneos, espaços aéreos alveolares, septos alveolares, áreas de superfície total e densidade de superfície dos alvéolos). Adicionalmente foram incluídas as análises de dissector físico para a estimativa de volume médio alveolar, densidade numérica e o número total de alvéolos para as proles com 20 e 60 dias de idade. As análises estereológicas das fêmeas grávidas mostraram um aumento significativo no volume total pulmonar, no volume total dos septos e no volume total dos espaços aéreos alveolares, quando comparados com as fêmeas grávidas expostas ao ar filtrado (grupo controle). Nos fetos com 18 dias de idade gestacional, houve uma diminuição significativa no volume total pulmonar, no volume total e na densidade de volume de sacos alveolares, no volume total e na densidade de volume de mesênquima, quando comparados com o grupo controle. Na prole com 20 dias de idade, houve um aumento no volume total, na densidade de volume e de superfície das vias aéreas, quando comparados com o grupo controle. Na prole com 60 dias de idade, houve um aumento no volume total do espaço aéreo alveolar, na densidade de volume do espaço aéreo alveolar, na densidade de superfície dos septos alveolares e na estimativa do número total de alvéolos, quando comparados com o grupo controle. Já os parâmetros de densidade de volume dos septos alveolares, área de superfície total dos septos alveolares e espessura dos septos alveolares, mostraram-se diminuídas quando comparados com o grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que a exposição à fumaça de Cannabis é capaz de induzir alterações morfológicas no tecido pulmonar de camundongos (BALB/c) fêmeas grávidas e nas suas respectivas proles / Cannabis sativa is the illicit drug most frequently used by pregnant women. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the main cannabinoid responsible for psychoactive effects and acts mainly on the cannabinoid 1 receptors in the brain. Cannabis use during pregnancy can affect the endocannabinoid system causing impacts on the implantation phase and fetal development. In addition, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is a substance that can cross the fetal-placental barrier and be present in breast milk. It is known, however, that any stimulus or insult in a critical period of embryonic-fetal development can have consequences later in life. Cannabis smoke contains harmful toxic elements similar to those of cigarette smoke, so chronic use of Cannabis has been associated with deleterious effects on the respiratory system. Although several studies address the effects of exposure to Cannabis sativa, few are those who study gestational exposure and its effects on offspring. In addition, the Cannabis sativa effects on lung development are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of Cannabis sativa on the mice offspring lung development whose mothers were exposed during the gestation period and to analyze the effects on the lung tissue of these mothers. Pregnant female mice (BALB / c) with approximately 3 months were exposed to Cannabis sativa smoke or filtered air for 13 days. After the exposures the lungs and fetuses of the pregnant females were collected and the lung inflammatory profile evaluated in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The tissue morphology analyzes were conducted and evaluated using the stereological parameters of total lung volume, total volume and volume density of lung compartments (lung parenchyma, airways, blood vessels, alveolar air spaces, alveolar septa, total surface areas and alveoli surface density). In addition, physical dissector analyzes were used to estimate the mean alveolar volume, numerical density and the total number of alveoli for offspring at 20 and 60 days of age. Stereological analyzes of pregnant females showed a significant increase in total lung volume, total septal volume and alveolar air spaces total volume when compared to pregnant females exposed to filtered air (control group). In fetuses with 18 days gestational age, there was a significant decrease in total lung volume, total volume and volume density of saccules, total volume and volume density of mesenchymal stroma when compared to the control group. In the 20-day-old offspring, there was an increase in total volume, volume density and surface density of airway when compared to the control group. In the 60-day-old offspring, there was an increase in total alveolar airspace volume, alveolar airspace volume density, alveolar septal surface density, and total alveolar number estimation, as compared to the control group. The alveolar septa volume density, alveolar septa total surface area and alveolar septa thickness were decreased when compared to the control group. The results showed that exposure to Cannabis smoke is able to induce morphological changes in the lung tissue of pregnant (BALB / c) mice and their respective offspring
2

The impact of age and gut microbiota on Th17 and Tfh cells in K/BxN autoimmune arthritis

Teng, Fei, Felix, Krysta M., Bradley, C. Pierce, Naskar, Debdut, Ma, Heqing, Raslan, Walid A., Wu, Hsin-Jung Joyce 15 August 2017 (has links)
Background: Age is an important risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which often develops in middle age. However, how age-associated changes in immunity impact RA is poorly understood. Gut microbiota are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, but the effects of microbiota in older subjects remain mostly unknown. Methods: We used segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a gut commensal species with immunomodulatory effects, and K/BxN mice, a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic model, to study the effect of age and microbiota on autoimmune arthritis. Comparing young and middle-aged K/BxN T cells of the same TCR specificity allows us to study T cells with an age focus eliminating a key variable: TCR repertoire alteration with age. In addition to joints, we also studied pathological changes in the lung, an important extra-articular RA manifestation. We used flow cytometry to evaluate T follicular helper (Tfh) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, as they both contribute to autoantibody production, a key disease index in both RA and K/BxN arthritis. Results: Middle-aged K/BxN mice had aggravated arthritis and pathological changes in the lung compared to young mice. Middle-aged mice displayed a strong accumulation of Tfh but not Th17 cells, and had defective Th17 differentiation and low expression of interleukin-23, a critical cytokine for Th17 maintenance. Although a soaring Tfh cell population accompanied by robust germinal center B cell responses were found in middle-aged mice, there was decreased cycling of Tfh cells, and SFB only induced the non-Tfh cells to upregulate Bcl-6, the Tfh master transcription factor, in the young but not the middle-aged group. Finally, the accumulated Tfh cells in middle-aged mice had an effector phenotype (CD62LloCD44hi). Conclusion: Age-dependent Tfh cell accumulation may play a crucial role in the increased autoimmune disease phenotype in middle-age. SFB, a potent stimulus for inducing Tfh differentiation, fails to promote Tfh differentiation in middle-aged K/BxN mice, suggesting that most of the middle-aged Tfh cells with an effector phenotype are Tfh effector memory cells induced at an earlier age. Our results also indicate that exposure to immunomodulatory commensals may allow the young host to develop an overactive immune system reminiscent of that found in the middle-aged host.
3

"Análise qualitativa e semiquantitativa de parâmetros morfológicos em biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas e autópsias: valor preditivo e impacto no prognóstico de pacientes com infiltrado pulmonar difuso" / Qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of morphological parameters of open lung biopsies and autopsies : predictive value and impact on prognosis of patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrate

Canzian, Mauro 21 June 2005 (has links)
Dados clínicos e histológicos referentes a biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas de 63 pacientes adultos, com infiltrado difuso, a maior parte em insuficiência respiratória, foram analisados. A severidade de cada alteração histopatológica foi avaliada semiquantiativamente segundo um sistema histológico de escores. "Índices" agudo e crônico foram estabelecidos. Associação estatiscamente significante ocorreu entre a sobrevida e idade, dano alveolar difuso, comorbidade e "índice crônico". A análise histológica detalhada de espécimes pulmonares mostrou-se mais informativa do que o simples diagnóstico nosológico. Maiores estudos prospectivos com adequada casualização poderão confirmar esta conclusão / Clinical and histological data concerning open lung biopsy from 63 adult patients, with diffuse infiltrates, most of them with respiratory failure, from 1982 to 2003, were analyzed. Severity of each pathological alteration was semiquantitatively rated following an histological score system. "Acute" and "chronic" indices were then established. Statistically significant association occurred between survival and increasing age, diffuse alveolar damage, comorbidity and the "chronic score". Detailed histological analysis of lung specimens was proven to provide more than nosological diagnosis. Greater studies in a randomized and prospective trial could finalize and confirm this conclusion
4

"Análise qualitativa e semiquantitativa de parâmetros morfológicos em biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas e autópsias: valor preditivo e impacto no prognóstico de pacientes com infiltrado pulmonar difuso" / Qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of morphological parameters of open lung biopsies and autopsies : predictive value and impact on prognosis of patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrate

Mauro Canzian 21 June 2005 (has links)
Dados clínicos e histológicos referentes a biópsias pulmonares cirúrgicas de 63 pacientes adultos, com infiltrado difuso, a maior parte em insuficiência respiratória, foram analisados. A severidade de cada alteração histopatológica foi avaliada semiquantiativamente segundo um sistema histológico de escores. "Índices" agudo e crônico foram estabelecidos. Associação estatiscamente significante ocorreu entre a sobrevida e idade, dano alveolar difuso, comorbidade e "índice crônico". A análise histológica detalhada de espécimes pulmonares mostrou-se mais informativa do que o simples diagnóstico nosológico. Maiores estudos prospectivos com adequada casualização poderão confirmar esta conclusão / Clinical and histological data concerning open lung biopsy from 63 adult patients, with diffuse infiltrates, most of them with respiratory failure, from 1982 to 2003, were analyzed. Severity of each pathological alteration was semiquantitatively rated following an histological score system. "Acute" and "chronic" indices were then established. Statistically significant association occurred between survival and increasing age, diffuse alveolar damage, comorbidity and the "chronic score". Detailed histological analysis of lung specimens was proven to provide more than nosological diagnosis. Greater studies in a randomized and prospective trial could finalize and confirm this conclusion
5

Fibrose centrilobular (FCL): um padrão histológico pulmonar distinto em pacientes com esclerose sistêmica e doença intersticial pulmonar / Centrilobular fibrosis (CLF): a distinct histological pattern in systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease (ILD)

Souza, Romy Beatriz Christmann de 15 January 2007 (has links)
Objetivos: A FCL é um novo padrão de doença intersticial pulmonar idiopática associado ao refluxo gastro-esofágico. Nós investigamos sua presença na ES com envolvimento pulmonar. Métodos: 28 pacientes com ES foram submetidos à biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto. As amostras foram classificadas conforme o novo consenso de classificação das pneumonias intersticiais idiopáticas e de acordo com os critérios do padrão FCL. Tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução (TCAR) de tórax, prova de função pulmonar (PFP), esofagograma de contraste e/ou endoscopia digestiva alta também foram realizadas. Resultados: Na ES, o padrão NSIP (67,8%) e a FCL (75%) foram os padrões mais freqüentemente encontrados e na maioria dos casos, eles co-existiam. Todos, exceto um paciente com FCL tinha a característica distribuição broncocêntrica das lesões, sendo mais extensa nos casos com FCL isolada (p=0,001). Da mesma forma, o conteúdo basofílico foi mais freqüente nos pacientes com FCL e completamente ausente no grupo NSIP (p<0,001). Na TCAR, a distribuição central do envolvimento pulmonar foi o achado mais prevalente nos pacientes com FCL isolada (57,14%) contrastando com a 10 predominância do padrão periférico nos outros grupos (p=0,02). Além disso, uma tendência quanto à distribuição segmentar na TCAR foi observada no grupo com FCL isolada (85,71%) e FCL+NSIP (71,43%), enquanto que 80% dos pacientes com NSIP tinham uma distribuição difusa das lesões pulmonares (p=0,08). Anormalidades esofágicas foram um achado quase universal. Conclusão: Está é a primeira descrição de fibrose centrilobular em pacientes com ES e envolvimento pulmonar. Este padrão tem características histológicas e tomográficas distintas e a identificação deste subgrupo de pacientes irá certamente contribuir para uma melhor abordagem terapêutica. / Objectives: CLF is a new histological pattern of idiopathic ILD associated to esophageal reflux. We have investigated its presence in SSc with lung involvement. Methods: 28 SSc patients were submitted to open lung biopsy. The specimens were classified according to the new consensus classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and to the diagnostic criteria for CLF. High Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT), Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT), contrast esophagogram and/or upper digestive endoscopy were also performed. Main Results: In SSc, the NSIP (67.8%) and the centrilobular (75%) patterns were the most frequent and in the majority of the cases, they co-existed. All, except one patient with CLF had the characteristic bronchocentric distribution and this lesion was more extensive in those with isolated CLF (p=0.01). Likewise, the basophilic content was more frequent in patients with CLF and completely absent in NSIP group (p<0.001). The central distribution of lung involvement on HRCT was the most prevalent finding in patients with isolated CLF (57.14%) contrasting with the predominant peripheral pattern in the other groups (p=0.02). Moreover, a trend towards a patchy distribution on HRCT was observed for CLF group (85.71%) and CLF+NSIP group (71.43%) whereas 80% of the NSIP group had diffuse distribution (p=0.08). Esophageal abnormalities were almost a universal finding. Conclusions: This is the first report of centrilobular fibrosis in SSc patients with lung involvement. This new pattern has distinct histological and tomographic features. The identification of this subgroup of patients will certainly contribute for a more appropriate therapeutic approach.
6

Fibrose centrilobular (FCL): um padrão histológico pulmonar distinto em pacientes com esclerose sistêmica e doença intersticial pulmonar / Centrilobular fibrosis (CLF): a distinct histological pattern in systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease (ILD)

Romy Beatriz Christmann de Souza 15 January 2007 (has links)
Objetivos: A FCL é um novo padrão de doença intersticial pulmonar idiopática associado ao refluxo gastro-esofágico. Nós investigamos sua presença na ES com envolvimento pulmonar. Métodos: 28 pacientes com ES foram submetidos à biópsia pulmonar a céu aberto. As amostras foram classificadas conforme o novo consenso de classificação das pneumonias intersticiais idiopáticas e de acordo com os critérios do padrão FCL. Tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução (TCAR) de tórax, prova de função pulmonar (PFP), esofagograma de contraste e/ou endoscopia digestiva alta também foram realizadas. Resultados: Na ES, o padrão NSIP (67,8%) e a FCL (75%) foram os padrões mais freqüentemente encontrados e na maioria dos casos, eles co-existiam. Todos, exceto um paciente com FCL tinha a característica distribuição broncocêntrica das lesões, sendo mais extensa nos casos com FCL isolada (p=0,001). Da mesma forma, o conteúdo basofílico foi mais freqüente nos pacientes com FCL e completamente ausente no grupo NSIP (p<0,001). Na TCAR, a distribuição central do envolvimento pulmonar foi o achado mais prevalente nos pacientes com FCL isolada (57,14%) contrastando com a 10 predominância do padrão periférico nos outros grupos (p=0,02). Além disso, uma tendência quanto à distribuição segmentar na TCAR foi observada no grupo com FCL isolada (85,71%) e FCL+NSIP (71,43%), enquanto que 80% dos pacientes com NSIP tinham uma distribuição difusa das lesões pulmonares (p=0,08). Anormalidades esofágicas foram um achado quase universal. Conclusão: Está é a primeira descrição de fibrose centrilobular em pacientes com ES e envolvimento pulmonar. Este padrão tem características histológicas e tomográficas distintas e a identificação deste subgrupo de pacientes irá certamente contribuir para uma melhor abordagem terapêutica. / Objectives: CLF is a new histological pattern of idiopathic ILD associated to esophageal reflux. We have investigated its presence in SSc with lung involvement. Methods: 28 SSc patients were submitted to open lung biopsy. The specimens were classified according to the new consensus classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and to the diagnostic criteria for CLF. High Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT), Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT), contrast esophagogram and/or upper digestive endoscopy were also performed. Main Results: In SSc, the NSIP (67.8%) and the centrilobular (75%) patterns were the most frequent and in the majority of the cases, they co-existed. All, except one patient with CLF had the characteristic bronchocentric distribution and this lesion was more extensive in those with isolated CLF (p=0.01). Likewise, the basophilic content was more frequent in patients with CLF and completely absent in NSIP group (p<0.001). The central distribution of lung involvement on HRCT was the most prevalent finding in patients with isolated CLF (57.14%) contrasting with the predominant peripheral pattern in the other groups (p=0.02). Moreover, a trend towards a patchy distribution on HRCT was observed for CLF group (85.71%) and CLF+NSIP group (71.43%) whereas 80% of the NSIP group had diffuse distribution (p=0.08). Esophageal abnormalities were almost a universal finding. Conclusions: This is the first report of centrilobular fibrosis in SSc patients with lung involvement. This new pattern has distinct histological and tomographic features. The identification of this subgroup of patients will certainly contribute for a more appropriate therapeutic approach.

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