Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-17T19:02:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JannaynaDominguesBarrosFilgueira_TESE.pdf: 2533006 bytes, checksum: da08862481c89d6eac3b9988828ee15f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-17T21:41:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JannaynaDominguesBarrosFilgueira_TESE.pdf: 2533006 bytes, checksum: da08862481c89d6eac3b9988828ee15f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T21:41:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JannaynaDominguesBarrosFilgueira_TESE.pdf: 2533006 bytes, checksum: da08862481c89d6eac3b9988828ee15f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-18 / As superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia (FSS) pertencem a uma subclasse dos metamateriais composto por patchs met?licos bidimensionais. Por apresentar um comportamento seletivo de frequ?ncia, essas estruturas t?m sido aplicadas nas ?reas de micro-ondas e sistemas de comunica??o, al?m de ser tema de pesquisa por parte de estudiosos. A literatura define basicamente uma superf?cie seletiva de frequ?ncia como um arranjo peri?dico de patches que exibe um determinado comportamento de filtragem de frequ?ncia podendo apresentar caracter?sticas de filtro rejeita-faixa ou passa-faixa que permite a reflex?o ou a transmiss?o de sinais em uma determinada faixa de frequ?ncia. As FSS s?o utilizadas em diversas aplica??es que v?o desde sistemas de micro-ondas e antenas at? aplica??es em radomes e comunica??es via sat?lite. Estruturas de FSS com comportamento Eletromagn?tico adequado t?m sido estudadas por pesquisadores da ?rea. Por?m, a an?lise das caracter?sticas espectrais dessas estruturas requer t?cnica com elevada complexidade computacional. Para reduzir o esfor?o computacional relacionado ao tempo de processamento, podem ser utilizadas t?cnicas de otimiza??o. Neste aspecto, esta pesquisa prop?e a utiliza??o de um m?todo de otimiza??o no projeto de FSS. Os m?todos de otimiza??o t?m como objetivo obter os resultados de um sistema por meio do ajuste dos par?metros de entrada, ou seja, ao ajustar estes par?metros os m?todos de otimiza??o procuram um melhor resultado de sa?da de modo que o desempenho do sistema, em termos de qualidade, custo e efici?ncia, possam ser otimizados. Esses m?todos podem ser aplicados em diversas ?reas. Atualmente, na ?rea do Eletromagnetismo, os circuitos de micro-ondas e antenas t?m aplicado diversas t?cnicas de otimiza??o como Algoritmos Gen?ticos (AG), Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e Otimiza??o com Enxame de Part?culas (PSO). O m?todo de otimiza??o descrito nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido com base no conceito do arranjo ortogonal, o M?todo Taguchi. Este m?todo fornece uma maneira eficiente para escolher os par?metros do projeto em um processo de Resumo otimiza??o e reduz efetivamente o n?mero de experimentos requerido na aplica??o. O M?todo Taguchi ? aplicado com sucesso nas ?reas de Engenharia Qu?mica e Engenharia Mec?nica e mais recentemente t?m-se aplica??es na ?rea de Eletromagnetismo, por?m, sua aplica??o em FSS ? in?dita. Neste estudo aplicamos o M?todo Taguchi em tr?s estruturas de FSS: FSS quadrada, FSS quadrada com grade e dipolo cruzado. O objetivo do m?todo ? obter os melhores valores para par?metros f?sicos da FSS, de modo que esta opere de forma satisfat?ria, de acordo com especifica??es determinadas no projeto. Utilizamos tamb?m nesta pesquisa o M?todo do Circuito Equivalente. A precis?o do m?todo Taguchi ? verificada experimentalmente e comparada com as simula??es realizadas no ANSYS Designer. Em seguida os prot?tipos s?o constru?dos e caracterizados experimentalmente. / Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) belong to a subclass of metamaterial consisting of two-dimensional metallic patches. By presenting a selective frequency behavior, these structures have been applied in the microwave and communication systems fields, in addition it is a research topic by scholars. The literature defines basically the Frequency Selective Surface as a periodic arrangement of patches that displays a certain frequency filtering and it may present characteristics of a band-stop or band-pass filter, which allows the reflection or the transmission of signals in a given frequency range. The FSS are used in diverse applications ranging from microwave and antennas systems to applications in radomes and satellite communications. Researchers have studied FSS structures with appropriate electromagnetic behavior. However, the analysis of spectral characteristics of these structures requires technique with high computational complexity. In order to reduce the computational effort related to the time of processing, it may be used optimization techniques. Concerning to it, this study proposes the use of an optimization method in the FSS design. Optimization methods are intended to get the best results of a system by tuning of the input parameters, that is, when these parameters are adjusted, the optimization methods seek a better output result so that the system performance, in terms of quality, cost and efficiency can be improved. These methods can be applied in various areas. Currently, in the Electromagnetism area, the microwave circuits and antennas have applied various optimization techniques like genetic algorithms (GA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The optimization method described in this research was developed based on the concept of the Orthogonal Arrangement, Taguchi Method. This method provides an efficient way to choose the project parameters in a process of optimization and it effectively reduces the number of experiments required in the application. Taguchi method is successfully applied in the chemical engineering and mechanical engineering fields and recently, there have been applications in the Abstract Electromagnetism area, however, its application in FSS is unprecedented. In this study, it was applied the Taguchi Method in three structures of FSS: Square FSS, Square with grid FSS and Cross Dipole. The purpose of the method is to obtain the best values for physical parameters of the FSS, so that is operating in a satisfactory manner, in accordance with certain specifications in the project. It was also used in this research the Equivalent Circuit Method. The accuracy of Taguchi Method is verified experimentally and it is compared to the simulations performed in the ANSYS Designer ?. Then, the prototypes are built and measured in order to validate the experimental results.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmaraLinharesDeAraujo_TESE.pdf: 11647948 bytes, checksum: 94a5e966f18f8dd6bfc6646d2519542b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-10T23:44:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmaraLinharesDeAraujo_TESE.pdf: 11647948 bytes, checksum: 94a5e966f18f8dd6bfc6646d2519542b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T23:44:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GilmaraLinharesDeAraujo_TESE.pdf: 11647948 bytes, checksum: 94a5e966f18f8dd6bfc6646d2519542b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Esse trabalho apresenta uma t?cnica h?brida de projeto de superf?cies seletivas em frequ?ncia, sobre uma camada diel?trica isotr?pica, considerando diversas geometrias para os elementos das c?lulas unit?rias. Especificamente, a t?cnica h?brida usa o m?todo do circuito equivalente em conjunto com algoritmos gen?ticos, visando a s?ntese de estruturas com resposta singleband e dual-band. O m?todo do circuito equivalente permite modelar a estrutura por meio de um circuito equivalente e tamb?m a obten??o de circuitos para diferentes geometrias. A partir da obten??o dos par?metros desses circuitos, podem-se obter as caracter?sticas de transmiss?o e de reflex?o das estruturas modeladas. Para obter a otimiza??o das estruturas modeladas, de acordo com a resposta em frequ?ncia desejada, a ferramenta de otimiza??o do Matlab optimtool mostrou-se de f?cil utiliza??o, permitindo explorar resultados importantes na an?lise de otimiza??o. No trabalho, s?o apresentados resultados num?ricos e experimentais para as caracter?sticas de transmiss?o de diferentes geometrias analisadas. Foram efetuadas compara??es com resultados apresentados na literatura, tendo-se observado uma boaconcord?ncia nos casos analisados para estruturas com substratos isotr?picos. / This thesis presents a hybrid technique of frequency selective surfaces project (FSS) on a isotropic dielectric layer, considering various geometries for the elements of the unit cell. Specifically, the hybrid technique uses the equivalent circuit method in conjunction with genetic algorithm, aiming at the synthesis of structures with response single-band and dual-band. The equivalent circuit method allows you to model the structure by using an equivalent circuit and also obtaining circuits for different geometries. From the obtaining of the parameters of these circuits, you can get the transmission and reflection characteristics of patterned structures. For the optimization of patterned structures, according to the desired frequency response, Matlab? optimization tool named optimtool proved to be easy to use, allowing you to explore important results on the optimization analysis. In this thesis, numeric and experimental results are presented for the different characteristics of the analyzed geometries. For this, it was determined a technique to obtain the parameter N, which is based on genetic algorithms and differential geometry, to obtain the algebraic rational models that determine values of N more accurate, facilitating new projects of FSS with these geometries. The optimal results of N are grouped according to the occupancy factor of the cell and the thickness of the dielectric, for modeling of the structures by means of rational algebraic equations. Furthermore, for the proposed hybrid model was developed a fitness function for the purpose of calculating the error occurred in the definitions of FSS bandwidths with transmission features single band and dual band. This thesis deals with the construction of prototypes of FSS with frequency settings and band widths obtained with the use of this function. The FSS were initially reviewed through simulations performed with the commercial software Ansoft Designer ?, followed by simulation with the equivalent circuit method for obtaining a value of N in order to converge the resonance frequency and the bandwidth of the FSS analyzed, then the results obtained were compared. The methodology applied is validated with the construction and measurement of prototypes with different geometries of the cells of the arrays of FSS.