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The effects of aluminum and manganese on the structure and properties of cast iron.Read, John A. January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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Hot deformation mechanisms in Mg-x%Al-1%Zn-y%Mn alloysSeale, Geoff, 1978- January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Atomistic simulation studies of nickel and cobalt doped manganese-based cathode materialsTsebesebe, Nkgaphe Tebatjo January 2021 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Physics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / The stead-fast demand for sustainable lithium-ion batteries (LIB) with competitive electrochemical properties, safety, reduced costs, and long-life cycle, calls for intensive efforts towards the development of new battery cathode materials. The layered transition metal oxides formulated LiMO2 (M: Mn, Ni and Co) have attracted considerable attention due to their capability to optimize the discharge capacity, cycling rate, electrochemical stability and lifetime. The transition metals Mn, Ni and Co (NMC) have been reported to contribute towards enhancement of the performance of NMC based lithium-ion batteries.
In this work, the electronic properties of transition metal oxides LiMO2 (M: Mn, Ni and Co) as individual crystal structures are studied using density functional theory (DFT+U) in the local density and generalized gradient approximation (LDA and GGA). The Hubbard U values together with the low spin transition metal in 3+ charge state (Mn3+, Ni3+ and Co3+) predicts the electrical conductivity of the materials. The conductivity is associated predominantly with 3d states of the transition metals (Mn, Ni and Co) and 2d character in oxygen. The LiNiO2 material is high in conductivity, while both LiMnO2 and LiCoO2 are low in electrical conductivity. All independent elastic constants satisfy the mechanical stability criterion of orthorhombic materials implying stability of the materials. However, the phonon dispersion curves display imaginary vibration along high symmetry direction for LiCoO2. The heats of formations predict that the LiNiO2 is the most thermodynamically stable material while the LiMnO2 is the least thermodynamically stable material. The derived interatomic potentials produced NiO and CoO structures with a difference of less than 1% and 9% respectively, from the experimental structures. The structures were melted at temperatures close to their experimental values from molecular dynamics. The radial distribution curves and Nano architectures presented the melting point of NiO and CoO at 2250K and 2000K respectively. All independent elastic constants satisfy the mechanical stability criterion of cubic materials implying stability of the materials. The high electrical conductivity and thermodynamic favourability LiNiO2 suggests that the material can be the most recommendable material as a cathode material and further improved through doping. This will add the overall enhancement of the electrochemical performance while stabilizing structural stability of the cathode material in high energy density Li-ion batteries. / National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Étude des Matériaux carbonés utilisés comme réducteurs pour la production des alliages de manganèse dans le four électrique / Study of carbonaceous materials used as reductants in the production of manganese alloys in the submerged electric arc furnaceGoncalves e Oliveira, Fernando Lucas 29 April 2010 (has links)
Notre travail est consacré à l’étude des matériaux carbonés utilisés comme réducteurs pour la production des alliages de manganèse dans le four électrique à arc immergé. Le choix du réducteur est important pour l’optimisation du procédé métallurgique et sa réactivité au CO2 est le paramètre le plus important utilisé par les producteurs de ferroalliages pour évaluer sa qualité. Les objectifs de notre travail sont : ? d’établir les critères de sélection du coke métallurgique ou réducteur de remplacement, utilisés pour la production des alliages de manganèse dans le four électrique, en utilisant la réactivité au CO2 comme le principal paramètre pour évaluer sa qualité ; ? d’un point de vue plus fondamental, apporter une meilleure compréhension des réactions du carbone dans le réacteur industriel. Dans l’optique d’une modélisation globale du four électrique, notre travail fournit des paramètres cinétiques d’une des réactions les plus importantes du procédé : la réaction de Boudouard. L’étude de la réductibilité des oxydes de manganèse pourrait donc être une nouvelle étape vers la construction d’un modèle global du réacteur industriel. Un troisième volet d’expériences utile à la modélisation serait l’étude de l’influence de la nature et du calibre du réducteur sur la résistivité électrique de la charge. / The main aims of our work have been to establish criteria useful for reductant selection, using coke reactivity to CO2 as the main parameter for reductant quality assessment and, from a fundamental point of view, to develop a better understanding of carbon reactions inside the industrial reactor. Therefore, Boudouard reaction has been studied on three increasing scales: intrinsic chemical reaction, coke lump, and coke bed scales. Several different types of carbonaceous materials have been studied. They represent the variety of reductants commonly used in the production of manganese ferroalloys in the electric furnace. It has been shown that this extended range of reductants introduces large differences between their characteristics, mainly between their reactivity to CO2. Regarding the coke lump gasification kinetics, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model has been used to represent the intrinsic rate of the Boudouard reaction. A good correlation has been found between the initial gasification rates of the coke beds and the single coke lumps. The difference between these rates increases with increasing reductant reactivity. It is possible to determine coke gasification regime inside the industrial electric arc furnace using single particle and coke bed gasification models. The overall rate at which coke reacts with CO2 inside the industrial reactor is probably limited by the intrinsic chemical reaction. Therefore, a reactivity index, based on the initial gasification rate of the reductant, measured in the chemical-kinetics controlled regime, seems to be adapted to the reductant quality assessment. An additional technique could be the microtextural analysis.
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Magnetisation reversal in exchange biased spin-valvesGoodman, Andrew M. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Avaliação de micronutrientes e sua influência no metabolismo secundário de Bidens pilosa e Salvia officinalis, plantas usadas no tratamento de diabetes / Micronutrients evaluation and its influence on secondary metabolism of Bidens pilosa and Salvia officinalis, plants applied in diabetes treatmentGONÇALVES, RODOLFO D.M.R. 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:06:23Z
No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Avaliação de micronutrientes e sua influência no metabolismo secundário de Bidens pilosa e Salvia officinalis, plantas usadas no tratamento de diabetes / Micronutrients evaluation and its influence on secondary metabolism of Bidens pilosa and Salvia officinalis, plants applied in diabetes treatmentGONÇALVES, RODOLFO D.M.R. 22 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T13:06:23Z
No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T13:06:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O diabetes mellitus é uma doença que afeta o metabolismo de carboidratos, gorduras e proteínas e tem como aspectos característicos a hiperglicemia e a excreção da glicose pela urina. Estima-se que o número de casos da doença aumentará muito nos próximos anos, o que a torna preocupante para o sistema público de saúde dos países mais afetados. Além do uso de medicamentos alopáticos, tratamentos complementares como o uso de plantas medicinais pode contribuir para melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Entre as ervas utilizadas, tanto no Brasil quanto em outras partes do mundo, encontram-se Bidens pilosa e Salvia officinalis. Os mecanismos responsáveis pela atividade antidiabética das plantas, geralmente estão associados aos seus metabólitos secundários, no entanto, a influência de micronutrientes não deve ser descartada. Estudos mostram que há uma correlação entre a concentração destes elementos com a presença e o desenvolvimento da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os elementos Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, V e Zn em Bidens pilosa (picão) e Salvia officinalis (sálvia) cultivadas com tratamento normal (substrato comercial) e com adição dos elementos acima mencionados, e verificar a influência destes elementos na produção de metabólitos secundários que podem atuar como agentes hipoglicêmicos. A determinação e quantificação elementar foram feitas por meio da técnica de Análise por Ativação Neutrônica Instrumental, e para análise dos metabólitos secundários utilizou-se a técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. O resultados indicaram que B. pilosa e S. officinalis podem ser usadas como fontes de Cr, Fe Mg, Mn, V e Zn. Foi observado que a B. pilosa absorveu maior quantidade de Fe no grupo tratamento, e que a S. officinalis foi capaz de acumular Zn nas folhas independente de ter ou não sido tratada. Quanto aos compostos do metabolismo secundário, os resultados indicaram que sua produção pelas plantas aparentemente não foi alterada pela adição da solução dos nutrientes. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Caraterização de Pó de Despoeiramento da Fabricação de Ligas de Manganês e Avaliação de seu Potencial Agronômico / Caracterization of a dusty from the siderurgical industry to be used as source of manganese and avaliation in the agriculture potentialCunha, Fernando de Jesus 27 August 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The dusty from the siderurgical industry (PD) it is an industrial solid residue originating from the processes of the metallurgy of the ore of manganese (Mn). This material contains significant concentration of Mn. The responsible industrial unit for the production of approximately 2000 ton/month of PD's is Rio Doce Manganês (RDM), company of the group of the Company is Worth of Rio Doce (CVRD), nowadays, Company is Worth. PD's were characterized chemically (stage 1) and soon afterwards, appraised as source of Mn for soy plants (Glicine max L.), of the variety it Conquers and eucalyptus plants (Eucalyptus globulus), of the hybrid Urograndis, vegetation home (stage 2). Para the stage 1 of the research, they were chosen ten materials of PD's collected in the industrial units of Barbacena/MG, Ouro Preto/MG, Salvador/Ba and Corumbá/MS, respectively. The samples of PD's were analyzed according to the lixiviação procedures and solubilization of solid residues (ABNT NBR 10005 and 10006, 2004). The tenors of metals of PD ́s were quantified through espectrofotometry in optic emission with plasma coupled induced (ICP-OES) and espectrofotometry for atomic absorption (AAS). Soon afterwards, the experiment was accomplished vegetation home (stage 2), being used samples of two Latossolos (LVa), a loamy one (TG) and other sandy (TM), of the cities Viçosa/MG and Three Marias/MG, respectively. As sources of Mn, were appraised samples of PD's in natura originating from five industrial units of RDM/CVRD and two prepared fertilizers starting from PD's: the sulfate of manganese (SM-PD) and the oxide of manganese (OM-PD). it was included as treatment controls another fertilizer sulfate of commercial manganese (SM- with). The materials were applied in equivalent amount to the doses 0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 and 30,0 mg kg-1 of Mn, except for applied OM-PD just in the doses 2,5 and 30,0 mg kg-1 of Mn. The plants were collected and droughts in greenhouses with ventilation forced of hot air. Soon afterwards, they were determined the tenors of P, Mn, Zn, Ass, Faith, Cr, Ni, You and If, with xiextraction of nítric acid and percloric (3:1), for espectrofotometry of optical emission with plasma coupled induced (ICP-OES). The data were submitted to the analysis of multiple lineal regression, being evaluated the production of the mass of dry matter, concentration and accumulation of the chemical elements in the aerial part and roots of the soy plants and eucalyptus. The results obtained with the extracts solubilizados (stage 1), they presented tenors of The, Pb, If, Hg, Mn, Faith and Al in values above the maximum limits established by ABNT (I Enclose G, ABNT NBR 10004, 2004). on the other hand, the tenors of metals found in the leached extracts didn't result in high values, second referred her norm. There was not significant answer with the sources of applied Mn in the treatments, in what he/she concerns the production of the mass of dry matter of the soy plants and eucalyptus (stage 2). there also was not, accumulation of heavy metals in the fabrics of the same ones in levels that represented any risk to his/her development. PD's in natura made available Mn to the cultivated plants, in amounts comparable to liberated them to SM-PD, OM-PD and the SM-COM. It is ended that, so much PD's in natura, as for the materials produced starting from PD's (SM-PD and OM-PD) they were efficient as sources of Mn to the soy plants and eucalyptus cultivated vegetation home. The obtained results indicate that the use of PD can be viable, as source of Mn for the industry of fertilizers. / O Pó de Despoeiramento (PD) é um resíduo sólido industrial proveniente dos processos da metalurgia do minério de manganês (Mn). Este material contém concentração significativa de Mn. A unidade industrial responsável pela produção de aproximadamente 2000 toneladas/mês de PD s é a Rio Doce Manganês (RDM), empresa do grupo da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), atualmente, Companhia VALE. Os PD s foram caracterizados quimicamente (etapa 1) e em seguida, avaliados como fonte de Mn para plantas de soja (Glicine max L.), da variedade Conquista e plantas de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus), do híbrido Urograndis, em casa de vegetação (etapa 2). Para a etapa 1 da pesquisa, foram escolhidos dez materiais de PD s coletados nas unidades industriais de Barbacena/MG, Ouro Preto/MG, Salvador/Ba e Corumbá/MS, respectivamente. As amostras de PD s foram analisadas segundo os procedimentos de lixiviação e solubilização de resíduos sólidos (ABNT NBR 10005 e 10006, 2004). Os teores de metais dos PD ́s foram quantificados por meio de espectrometria em emissão ótica com plasma acoplado induzido (ICP-OES) e espectrometria por absorção atômica (AAS). Em seguida, foi realizado o experimento em casa de vegetação (etapa 2), utilizando-se amostras de dois Latossolos (LVa), um argiloso (TG) e outro arenoso (TM), das cidades Viçosa/MG e Três Marias/MG, respectivamente. Como fontes de Mn, foram avaliadas amostras dos PD s in natura proveniente de cinco unidades industriais da RDM/CVRD e dois fertilizantes preparados a partir dos PD s: o sulfato de manganês (SM-PD) e o óxido de manganês (OM- PD). Foi incluído como tratamento controle um outro fertilizante sulfato de manganês comercial (SM-Com). Os materiais foram aplicados em quantidade equivalente às doses 0,0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 30,0 mg kg -1 de Mn, com exceção do OM-PD aplicado apenas nas doses 2,5 e 30,0 mg kg -1 de Mn. As plantas foram coletadas e secas em estufas com ventilação forçada de ar quente. Em seguida, determinaram-se os teores de P, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Ti e Se, com ixextração de ácido nítrico e perclórico (3:1), por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado induzido (ICP-OES). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão linear múltipla, avaliando-se a produção da massa de matéria seca, concentração e acúmulo dos elementos químicos na parte aérea e raízes das plantas de soja e eucalipto. Os resultados obtidos com os extratos solubilizados (etapa 1), apresentaram teores de As, Pb, Se, Hg, Mn, Fe e Al em valores acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pela ABNT (Anexo G, ABNT NBR 10004, 2004). Por outro lado, os teores de metais encontrados nos extratos lixiviados não resultaram em valores elevados, segundo a referida norma. Não houve resposta significativa com as fontes de Mn aplicadas nos tratamentos, no que diz respeito à produção da massa de matéria seca das plantas de soja e eucalipto (etapa 2). Não houve também, acúmulo de metais pesados nos tecidos das mesmas em níveis que representassem qualquer risco ao seu desenvolvimento. Os PD s in natura disponibilizaram Mn às plantas cultivadas, em quantidades comparáveis às liberadas ao SM-PD, OM- PD e o SM-Com. Conclui-se que, tanto os PD s in natura, quanto aos materiais produzidos a partir dos PD s (SM-PD e OM-PD) foram eficientes como fontes de Mn às plantas de soja e eucalipto cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o uso do PD pode ser viável, como fonte de Mn para a indústria de fertilizantes.
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