Orientador: Prof. Dr. Giorgio Romano Schutte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2015. / Essa pesquisa volta-se para o fluxo migratório de bolivianos para o Brasil a partir do projeto migratório (VELHO, 2004) que essa população possui ao migrar e como ele pode ou não mudar ao longo do tempo de permanência no novo país. Com a prática da "multiresidência", os bolivianos, mesmo antes de deixarem seu país de origem em busca de um novo local, já possuiriam práticas condizentes com a transmigração nos movimentos que ocorrem internamente no país. Assim, buscamos analisar a construção do projeto migratório boliviano, suas reformulações ao longo do período de residência no Brasil e suas especificidades, tal como a relação do migrante com o território e suas escolhas de local de residência através de uma etnografia realizada na região central de São Paulo. / This research turns to the bolivian migration to Brazil from the concept of migratory project (VELHO, 2004) that this group has at the moment of the decision to depart and how it does or does not change over time in the settlement country. Considering the "multiresidence" practice, the bolivians, even before leaving their origin country, already possess practices consistent with the transmigrational movement that occur internally in the country. Thus, we analyze the construction of the bolivian migratory project and its changes throughout the period of residence in Brazil and its specifities, such as the migrant¿s relationship with the territory and their place of residence choices through an etnography in the central region of São Paulo.

Tout en recourant à la méthode ethnographique, nous étudions, à travers cette thèse, les projets migratoires d'un ensemble d'immigrants haïtiens arrivés en France métropolitaine entre 1991 et 2011, les relations haïtiennes intracommunautaires dans la banlieue de Saint-Denis et les liens matériels et affectifs que nos enquêtés continuent de maintenir avec leur pays originel au-delà de leur double frustration liée à la déqualification professionnelle en France et à la peur de la réinstallation en Haïti. Doublement frustrés, la plupart d'entre eux se dirigent vers des églises protestantes et d'autres associations haïtiennes à Saint-Denis dans le but de pouvoir trouver une réponse à leurs difficultés migratoires. Toutefois, décevant ces derniers, ces églises s'érigent en espaces de résurgence d'oppositions interrégionales moun nan Nò/moun nan Sid (gens du Nord/gens du Sud) issues du pays d'origine. D'autres migrants empruntant par ailleurs le chemin du réseau maçonnique feraient l'expérience de l'unification communautaire. Par contre, au-delà de l'importante contribution du réseau maçonnique à l'unification des immigrants haïtiens, les oppositions interrégionales perdurent encore... Le morcellement communautaire et la régionalisation de l'organisation commerciale des immigrants haïtiens à Saint-Denis nous portent à avancer qu'ils constituent une communauté transnationale, et non une diaspora. L'expérience de l'émigration a fait tomber une représentation paradisiaque de l'ailleurs. Au cœur de leurs tiraillements, de nombreux Haïtiens déqualifiés et frustrés à Saint-Denis décident d'emprunter la voie d'une "re-haïtianisation" incapable de dépasser toutefois les clivages interrégionaux moun nan Nò/moun nan Sid. Notre thèse comporte quatre grandes parties. Elle s'articule autour de quatre grands objectifs. Quatre disciplines majeures (philosophie, sociologie, histoire et géographie) ont été mobilisées dans la construction de notre argumentation. / While using the ethnographic method, this thesis proposes to study the migratory projects of a group of Haitians who arrived in France between 1991 and 2011 and living in Saint-Denis, the intra-community Haitian relations in this suburb, and the material and emotional ties that the respondents continue to maintain with their original country beyond a double frustration linked to their professional deskilling and their fear of returning to Haiti. Doubly frustrated, most of the immigrants studied go to haitian protestant churches in order to be able to find an answer to their migratory difficulties. However, disappointing these immigrants, these churches are erected spaces resurgence inter-regional oppositions moun nan Nò / moun nan Sid (people of the North / people of the South) from the country of origin. Other migrants who are also moving towards the Masonic network would make an entirely different experience: the experience of community unification. On the other hand, beyond the eminent contribution of the Masonic network to the unification of immigrants, the inter-regional opposition persists. The fragmentation of communities and the regionalization of the commercial organization of Haitian immigrants in Saint-Denis lead us to argue that they constitute a transnational community, not a diaspora. The experience of emigration has brought down a paradise representation of elsewhere. During their tugging, the Haitians of Saint-Denis decide to take the path of a "re-haitianization" unable to exceed the regional divisions.