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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparison of scattered entrance skin dose burden in MSCT, CBCT, and X-ray for suspected scaphoid injury: Regional dose measurements in a phantom model

Hughes, J., Harris, M., Snaith, Beverly, Benn, H. 01 April 2022 (has links)
Yes / Scaphoid radiography has poor sensitivity for acute fracture detection and often requires repeat delayed imaging. Although magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is considered the gold standard, computed tomography (CT) is often used as an alternative due to ease of access. Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) offers equivalent diagnostic efficacy to Multi Slice CT (MSCT) at reduced dose. We aimed to establish the difference in scattered dose between modalities for scaphoid imaging. Methods: Anatomical regional entrance surface dose measurements were taken at 3 regions on an anthropomorphic torso phantom positioned as a patient to a wrist phantom undergoing scaphoid imaging for three modalities (CBCT, MSCT, four-view projection radiography). Exposure factors were based on audit of clinical exposures. Each dose measurement was repeated three times per anatomical region, modality, exposure setting and projection. Results: Under unpaired T-test CBCT gave significantly lower mean dose at the neck (1.64 vs 18 mGy), chest (2.78 vs 8.01) and abdomen (1.288 vs 2.93) than MSCT (p
2

Patient radiation dosimetry in MSCT examinations / Δοσιμετρία ασθενών σε εξετάσεις υπολογιστικής τομογραφίας πολλαπλών τομών

Θαλασσινού, Στέλλα 05 September 2011 (has links)
MultiDetector-row Computed Tomography (MDCT) or MultiSlice Computed Tomography (MSCT) has undergone remarkable progress since its first introduction at the end of the 1990s. Given that CT examinations are generally recognized as a relatively high-dose procedure, concern has been expressed at the associated increase in doses. The International Committee on Radiation Protection (ICRP) noted in their report No.87 that absorbed doses in tissues from CT are among the highest observed in diagnostic radiology (i.e. 10–100 mGy). Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to calculate the dosimetric quantities for brain, chest, and abdomen-pelvis examinations that were carried out using Philips Brilliance 16 and Brilliance 64 CT Scanners of the University General Hospital “Attikon”, as well as to perform their intercomparison. For brain examinations, axial technique was utilized. However, for chest and abdomen-pelvis examinations, spiral technique was applied. The effect of overranging (or overscanning) is connected with spiral mode and its contribution to patient dose is really important in case of MSCT scanners. Therefore, the contribution of the overrange effect for body examinations carried out was calculated. In the framework of this thesis, the contribution of overrange to the effective dose received by patients submitted to the forementioned examinations is calculated. Additionally, dose measurements were carried out in order to estimate the radiation burden to the eye lenses and the thyroid during the typical brain examination, both when eye lenses are inside and outside the irradiation field. / Οι Υπολογιστικοί Τομογράφοι (ΥΤ) πολλαπλών τομών έχουν σημειώσει μεγάλη πρόοδο από την κλινική εφαρμογή τους στις αρχές του 1990. Λαμβάνοντας υπ’ όψιν ότι οι εξετάσεις ΥΤ συνεπάγονται υψηλή ακτινική επιβάρυνση του ασθενή, η μελέτη τους έχει συγκεντρώσει το ερευνητικό ενδιαφέρον της επιστημονικής κοινότητας. Η Διεθνής Επιτροπή Ακτινοπροστασίας (ICRP) επισημαίνει στην αναφορά Νο 87 ότι η απορροφούμενη δόση στους ιστούς από εξετάσεις ΥΤ είναι από τις υψηλότερες στη διαγνωστική ακτινολογία (10-100 mGy). Συνεπώς, σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι ο υπολογισμός των δοσιμετρικών μεγεθών για τις συνήθεις εξετάσεις εγκεφάλου, θώρακος και άνω-κάτω κοιλίας, οι οποίες πραγματοποιούνται με τους ΥΤ πολλαπλών τομών Brilliance 16 και Βrilliance 64 της Philips στο Π.Γ.Ν “ΑΤΤΙΚΟΝ ”,καθώς επίσης και η σύγκριση των αντίστοιχων δόσεων μεταξύ των συγκεκριμένων ΥΤ. Οι ασθενείς που υποβάλλονται σε εξετάσεις θώρακος και άνω-κάτω κοιλίας που πραγματοποιούνται με ελικοειδή τεχνική λαμβάνουν επιπλέον δόση (overscan) που οφείλεται στην τεχνική αυτή. Η συνεισφορά του “overscan” είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική στους ΥΤ πολλαπλών τομών, οπότε επιπλέον στόχος αυτής της διπλωματικής είναι ο υπολογισμός της. Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν μετρήσεις της δόσης του θυρεοειδή και των φακών των οφθαλμών κατά την υποβολή ασθενών στη συνήθη εξέταση εγκεφάλου, τόσο στην περίπτωση παρουσίας των οφθαλμών εντός όσο και εκτός πεδίου ακτινοβόλησης.

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