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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Analyse des états de surface en science des matériaux : caractérisation multi-échelles par ondelette et détermination de l'anisotropie des surfaces / Analysis of surface states in materials science : multi-scale wavelet characterization and determination of the anisotropy of the surfaces

Khawaja, Zahra 21 January 2014 (has links)
Le contrôle et à la maîtrise de l’état des surfaces est un besoin majeur pour les industriels. De nombreuses études sur les interactions entre la morphologie de surface et les mécanismes physiques, chimiques ou mécaniques, ont été réalisées. Cependant une caractérisation plus précise en fonction des domaines et des besoins est nécessaire. Elle consiste à chercher les paramètres de rugosité les plus pertinents qui relient la topographie d’une surface aux phénomènes physiques qu’elle subit ou aux propriétés du matériau dont elle composé.Dans ce travail, un logiciel pour caractériser l’état de surface a été développé. Cet outil nommé « MesRug » permet de calculer des paramètres de rugosité et d’extraire les plus pertinents ainsi que de définir l’échelle la plus adéquate pour une application donnée. La recherche des paramètres les plus pertinent se fait par une approche statistique (l'analyse de la variance ‘ANOVA’ combinée avec la théorie du Bootstrap).Une caractérisation a été effectuée en utilisant des données de mesures (2D) sur des surfaces abrasives. L’influence de la forme des ondelettes discrètes et continues sur la détection de l’échelle pertinente du mécanisme d’abrasion a été testée. On déduit que la décomposition en ondelettes permet de quantifier et de localiser les échelles de l'abrasion des processus d'usinage pour tous les paramètres du processus. Cependant, la pertinence de caractériser les échelles appropriées d'abrasion ne dépend pas de la forme de l'ondelette.Dans ce travail, un nouveau paramètre de rugosité 3D est proposé pour quantifier la régularité d'une surface indépendamment de l'amplitude et des unités de longueur de balayage. L'efficacité de ce paramètre est testée sur des surfaces périodiques bruitées avec différents degrés d'anisotropie. La valeur de ce paramètre est comprise entre zéro (bruit parfait) et 100% (surface sinusoïdale parfaite). Il nous a permis de détecter les directions d'anisotropie de régularité pour une surface donnée. / Monitoring and control of the state of the surfaces is a major need for industry. Numerous studies on the interactions between the surface morphology and the physical, chemical or mechanical mechanisms have been conducted. However, a more precise characterization related to industrial domains and needs is necessary. It consists in finding the most relevant roughness parameters that connect the topography of a surface with the physical phenomena which it undergoes or in the properties of the material of which it consisted.In this work, a software designed to characterize the surface condition was developed. This tool named "MesRug" allows to calculate roughness parameters then extract the most relevant ones and to define the most appropriate scale for a given application. The search for the most relevant parameters is done by a statistical approach (analysis of variance ANOVA combined with the theory of Bootstrap).A characterization was performed using (2D) data of measurement on abrasive surfaces. The influence of the form of discrete and continuous wavelet on the detection on the relevant scale mechanism of the abrasion was tested. We conclude that the wavelet decomposition allows to quantify and localize the scales of abrasion of the machining process for all process parameters. However, the relevance of appropriate scales to characterize abrasion does not depend on the shape of the wavelet.In this work, a new 3D roughness parameter is proposed to quantify the smoothness of a surface, independently of the amplitude and the scanning length units of the surface. The efficiency of this parameter is tested on noisy periodic surfaces with varying degrees of anisotropy. The value of this parameter is between zero (perfect sound) and 100 % (sine perfect surface). It enables us to identify the anisotropy directions of regularity for a given surface.
2

Processamento de imagens HDR utilizando shaders gráficos em múltiplas plataformas

Munhoz, Rafael Gomes January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Prof. Dr. André Guilherme Ribeiro Balan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, 2017. / Uma cena real possui uma grande variação de contraste que, quando vista pelo olho humano, resulta em detalhes que sensores de câmeras digitais comuns não conseguem capturar. Isso ocorre devido às limitações dos dispositivos para obter e exibir diferentes valores de cor. Imagens HDR (High Dynamic Range), por sua vez, são representações que conseguem reproduzir essa amplitude de valores. Para gerar e exibir imagens HDR, diante das limitações dos dispositivos, é necessário trabalhar em um domínio de menor alcance, com imagens LDR (Low Dynamic Range). Os algoritmos que mapeiam os valores entre os domínios são chamadas de operadores de tone-mapping. Apenas a aplicação de tone-mapping não gera resultados de alta qualidade, sendo necessárias técnicas de redução de ruídos e decomposição de imagem para tal. Essas técnicas implicam um alto custo computacional e demandam muito tempo quando executados na CPU. Por outro lado, o processamento na GPU oferece um paralelismo natural, por viabilizar operações a serem aplicadas a todos os pixels, simultaneamente. Uma das maneiras de programar essas operações na GPU é através do uso de shaders gráficos, alterando a forma que os pixels da imagem são reproduzidos. Com o constante crescimento da utilização de dispositivos móveis, um tema recorrente é o desempenho e a viabilidade de aplicações de alta performance em tais dispositivos, que atualmente, na maioria dos casos, possuem em sua arquitetura uma GPU programável. Nesse trabalho, desenvolvemos shaders gráficos OpenGL para processar operações de tonemapping, bem como a decomposição multiescala de imagens utilizando filtros não lineares importantes e modernos, a fim de preservar a maioria dos detalhes das imagens. Isso gera resultados mais nítidos quando comparados com técnicas que aplicam os operadores de tone-mapping diretamente nas imagens. Por outro lado, o processamento em GPU representa uma enorme melhoria de velocidade em relação ao processamento da CPU. A aplicação que desenvolvemos é multiplataforma para que ele possa ser executado em desktops e dispositivos móveis. Utilizamos a aplicação para avaliar o desempenho de diferentes operadores de tone-mapping e diferentes filtros de imagem não lineares para executar a decomposição de imagens em vários níveis. / A typical scene may have a highly nonuniform illumination that common digital camera sensors are currently not able to deal with, as well as typical screen monitors. A High Dynamic Range image (HDR) is an image model capable to store much larger illumination range than regular models, what is more similar to our human system view. To generate and display HDR images, given the limitations of the devices (cameras and screen monitors), it is necessary to work in a domain with smaller range, called LDR images (Low Dynamic Range). The algorithms that map HDR images to LDR images are called tone-mapping operators. These algorithms, when operating on very high resolution HDR images, demand very high computational effort that CPU are also not currently capable to deal with. On the other hand, GPU offers a natural parallelism by enabling operations to be applied on thousands of pixels simultaneously. One way to program these operations on the GPU is through the use of graphics shaders, directly changing a graphical pipeline that reproduce pixels of the image, such as OpenGL pipeline. Nowadays, mobile devices are also highly available devices that can have powerful GPUs. Hence, an important research subject is to access the viability of using such devices on HDR image processing and tone-mapping. In this work, we develop OpenGL graphic shaders to process tone-mapping operation as well as image multiscale decomposition using important and modern nonlinear image filters, in order to preserve the most of the images details. This generates sharper results when compared to techniques that directly apply tone-mapping operators on the images. On the other hand, GPU processing represents a huge speed improvement over CPU processing. The application we develop is multiplatform so it can run on desktops and mobile devices. We used it to evaluate the performance of different tone-mapping operators and different nonlinear image filters to perform image multiscale decomposition.

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