Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-18T15:31:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Schneider_.pdf: 6006786 bytes, checksum: 39919f3d2ca8c2885f4d2e54af8bbb06 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T15:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Schneider_.pdf: 6006786 bytes, checksum: 39919f3d2ca8c2885f4d2e54af8bbb06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-22 / Nenhuma / A adição de fibras a uma matriz cimentícia proporciona vários benefícios para o desempenho do compósito, podendo-se citar o controle da fissuração, ganho de tenacidade, aumento da resistência à tração, entre outros. Diante disto, busca-se uma distribuição aleatória e mais homogênea possível das fibras ao longo da matriz. É esperado que a proposição de um elemento de reforço definido a partir da união ortogonal de filamentos – fibra espacial – venha contribuir para uma distribuição mais uniforme e homogênea do reforço da matriz, evitando imperfeições no compósito e maximizando a eficiência do reforço. Este trabalho tem por objetivo criar um modelo de fibra espacial e adicioná-la em uma matriz de concreto convencional, tanto isoladamente como combinada com macrofibras monofilamentos de aço e microfibras de polipropileno, avaliando o desempenho dos compósitos resultantes em termos de trabalhabilidade, resistência à compressão, resistência à tração indireta e tenacidade. Ademais, avaliou-se a distribuição das fibras no interior da matriz de concreto e sua influência no desempenho final do compósito. Para tal, foi realizado um programa experimental com 18 compósitos, cada um com uma combinação diferente de fibras espaciais, fibras de aço monofilamento e microfibras de polipropileno. Foram executados ensaios de compressão axial, segundo a ABNT NBR 5739:2007, resistência à tração na flexão, conforme a norma JSCE-SF4 (1984) e ABNT NBR 12142:2010, e tenacidade, de acordo com a JSCE-SF4 (1984). Em virtude dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as fibras espaciais apresentaram desempenho satisfatório, tanto isoladamente como hibridizada pois, além de não afetar a resistência à compressão, melhorou o comportamento à tração em 37,6% e atingiu um Fator de Tenacidade de 3,4 MPa . Ainda, observou-se que a trabalhabilidade diminuiu em relação ao concreto sem fibras, mas a capacidade de compactação não foi prejudicada. / The addition of fibers to a cementitious matrix provides several benefits to the performance of the composite, including the control of cracking, tenacity gain, increased tensile strength, among others. In view of this, a random and more homogeneous distribution of the fibers along the matrix is sought. It's expected that the proposition of a reinforcement element defined from the orthogonal union of filaments - spatial fiber - will contribute to a more uniform and homogeneous distribution of the matrix reinforcement, avoiding imperfections in the composite and maximizing the reinforcement efficiency. This dissertation aims to create a spatial fiber model and add it in a conventional concrete matrix, either alone or in combination with steel macro fibers monofilaments and polypropylene microfibers, evaluating the performance of the resulting composites in terms of workability, compressive strength, indirect tensile strength and tenacity. In addition, the distribution of the fibers inside the concrete matrix and their influence in the final performance of the composite were evaluated. For this, an experimental program was carried out with 18 composites, each with a different combination of spatial fibers, steel macro fibers monofilaments and polypropylene microfibers. It was performed the axial compression tests according to ABNT NBR 5739: 2007, the flexural tensile strength tests according JSCE-SF4 (1984) and ABNT NBR 12142:2010, and the tenacity tests according to JSCE-SF4 (1984). Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the spatial fibers presented satisfactory performance, both alone and hybridization, because they didn't affect the compressive strength, improved the tensile behavior in 37,6% and reached a tenacity factor of 3,4 MPa. Also, it was observed that the workability decreased in relation to the concrete without fibers, but the capacity of compaction was not impaired.

Ce manuscrit se focalise sur l’effet de divers matériaux composites sur les différentes problématiques de compatibilité électromagnétique dans un véhicule automobile. Les modèles surfaciques des matériaux diélectriques sont validés en confrontant des résultats de mesures et de simulation de leurs permittivités. Ceux des matériaux conducteurs le sont en confrontant le modèle d’impédance de surface à un modèle filaire et en effectuant des mesures des simulations de paramètres S sur une structure majoritairement constituée par un matériau de ce type. Dans les deux cas, la technique de modélisation donne de bons résultats. L’évaluation de l’effet de ces matériaux sur les problématiques de CEM au niveau d’un véhicule est faite sur un démonstrateur qui intègre les équipements et les faisceaux embarqués dans un véhicule en les représentants par des monopôles et des fils conducteurs. L’évaluation des effets des différents matériaux composites sur les problématiques CEM est faite par mesure et simulation des couplages électromagnétiques à l’intérieur du démonstrateur et entre le démonstrateur et une antenne test. L’analyse des couplages électromagnétiques confirme que le modèle d’impédance de surface reproduit assez bien les comportements des matériaux composites étudiés. Concernant l’effet des matériaux composites sur les problématiques CEM au niveau d’un véhicule, cette étude mène à deux résultats majeurs du point de vue de la compatibilité électromagnétique. Le premier concerne l’usage des matériaux diélectriques qui augmente globalement la plupart des couplages mesurés de 5 dB à 30 dB. Le second porte sur le matériau conducteur étudié qui n’a quasiment aucun effet sur les différents couplages analysés en comparaison de la structure en acier. / The main concern of this thesis is the characterization of the impacts of some composite materials on the main electromagnetic compatibility issues in a vehicle. The surface models of the dielectric materials are validated by confronting their simulated and measured permittivity. The surface model of the studied conductive material is validated by confronting it to a wire model and by measuring and simulating the S parameters on a structure constituted by such a material. It appears in both cases of dielectric and conductive composite materials that the surface impedance modeling technique gives a good description of the materials. The analysis of the effects of these materials on the EMC issues within a vehicle is done by use of a demonstrator representing the car body. The different equipment and harnesses embedded in a vehicle are represented in the demonstrator by some wires and monopoles. The evaluation of the impact of the composite materials on the EMC issues is done by measuring and simulating the different couplings within the demonstrator and between the demonstrator and a test antenna. The analysis of the different couplings confirms that the surface impedance material modeling approach describes well the materials under test. Concerning the impact of the composite materials on the EMC issues at a vehicle level, this analysis fulfills two main results. The first one concerns the dielectric materials. Indeed the use of these materials increases the different coupling by a value varying between at least 5 dB to 30 dB. The second conclusion concerns the use of conductive composite materials. It appears that they have no effect on the different couplings in comparison to the full steel structure.