This paper will demonstrate the principles and important facts of the randomized Kaczmarz algorithm as well as its extended version proposed by Zouzias and Ferris. Through the analysis made by Strohmer and Vershynin as well as Needell, it can be shown that the randomized Kaczmarz method is theoretically applicable in solving over-determined linear systems with or without noise. The extension of the randomized Kaczmarz algorithm further applies to the linear systems with non-unique solutions. In the experiment section of this paper, we compare the accuracies of the algorithms discussed in the paper in terms of making real-world macroeconomic analyses and predictions. The extended randomized Kaczmarz method outperforms both the randomized Kaczmarz method and the randomized Gauss-Seidel method on our data sets.

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2007.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A internacionalização pode ser definida de forma ampla e abrangente como um processo crescente e contínuo que envolve operações de uma determinada empresa com outros países. Refere-se às trocas econômicas, políticas e culturais entre nações e às relações resultantes dessas trocas, que podem ser pacíficas ou conflituosas, de complementaridade ou concorrência. É determinante a forma como essas empresas traçam suas estratégias e ações para conquistarem novos mercados fora de seus mercados domésticos. A nível mundial, o marco inicial da internacionalização de empresas se deu em virtude das viagens marítimas dos séculos XV e XVI e à formação dos impérios coloniais, como Espanha e França. No Brasil, a experiência com a internacionalização de empresas é recente e se intensificou a partir de 1990, atingindo seu apogeu no decênio 1999 2009. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo fazer uma macro análise do processo de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras, no sentido de dentro para fora, tomando como referência uma visão teórica, histórica e de análise conjuntural afim de mostrar as diferentes estratégias usando o decênio de 1999 a 2009 como recorte temporal. Para entender a problemática, a pesquisa foi esboçada em cinco objetivos específicos: o primeiro, traçando um panorama geral da internacionalização partindo de uma macro análise para uma micro análise desse fenômeno, o segundo apresentando e discutindo os principais aspectos teóricos que envolvem as estratégias e motivações de internacionalização, o terceiro avaliando de que forma as teorias, econômicas e administrativas, permitem interpretar e explicar o fenômeno da internacionalização, o quarto identificando e descrevendo os ciclos econômicos que impulsionaram a internacionalização de empresas tanto no mundo como no Brasil e, o último dedicando-se a identificar e descrever dentro de um contexto histórico e econômico a periodização e a espacialização do processo de internacionalização de empresas no Brasil e o que representou a década de ouro(1999 a 2009) para a internacionalização de empresas brasileiras. Face aos objetivos da pesquisa, a metodologia utilizada neste estudo é de natureza quali-quantitativa, com caráter explicativo, baseada em uma lógica dedutiva, partindo de premissas abstratas até discussões empíricas. Por fim, a pesquisa evidencia os motivos pelos quais as empresas buscam o mercado externo e por que o decênio 1999 2009 foi tratado como a Década de Ouro da internacionalização.

The objective of master thesis is the examination of Swedish, Swiss and Polish business cycle in four key areas consisting of internal and external macroeconomic equilibrium, cyclical development indicators and financial stability during 2000-2015 period and analysis of fiscal and monetary policy with respect to anti-crisis measures. The pivotal hypothesis is that Sweden, Switzerland and Poland have managed to deal with Great Recession relatively better than other advanced economies. Theoretical section characterises chosen countries, explains fundamental terms and sets the research framework. The empirical part monitors business cycle by chosen indicators within internal and external equilibrium, cyclical development and financial stability, subsequently evaluates situation before the crisis outbreak and examines anti-crisis measures that have been taken. Empirical section is closed by SWOT which evaluates economic development during 2009-2015 period and serves as tool for main hypothesis verification.

The aim of this thesis is analysis and assessment of macroeconomic development of France depending upon setup of particular segments of economic policy between year 2000 and 2012, eventually 2013. Recommendations for setup of economic policy will be made based on particular findings. Theoretical part, consisting of section one to five, consists of description of economic policy and its particular segments, economic growth and cycle, macroeconomic analysis and particular examined variables. Practical part, which is fractionated to four sections, consists of description of starting position and analysis of particular variables and economic policy within core examined period. Last section of practical part consists of particular recommendations for economic policy.

The aim of thesis is to provide a macroeconomic analysis of the business environment of Colombia that would allow Czech entities to better understand the fundamental characteristics of the Colombian market. After reading this document, the reader should get an overview of the Colombian business environment of political, economic, cultural and technological aspects. The work cover the topic of business relations between the Czech Republic and Colombia. Testimonies and experiences of Czech companies are included in the thesis. The map of strengths and weaknesses is created based on the collected information. Opportunities and threats from the perspective of the Czech business entity are identified

The purpose of this diploma thesis is the analysis of macroeconomic development of China in 1990 - 2014 in four key economic areas: economic performance, financial sector, labor market and internal and external equilibrium. The main hypothesis is that China is not threatened by a hard-landing in the next few years. The theoretical part explains the basic terms and defines the research framework. In the empirical part is conducted the analysis of the selected indicators in that framework, consisting of internal and external equilibrium, labor market and demographic trends, financial sector, fiscal and monetary policies and additional growth factors. The result of the empirical part is the construction of a SWOT matrix. At the end there are proposed the recommendations for setting the future economic policy in China.

The aim of this work is to create a concept that should strenghthen competitiveness of the company based on analyses of microeconimic and macroeconomic elements. This work further deals with evaluation of the current situation of company Brewery Černá Hora a.s. in the world of small and average breweries. Theoretical part describes knowledge about competitiveness and its strengthening. In practical part are these knowledge put in use. This work examines competitiveness of the company based on analysis of microeconimic and macroeconomic elements. Outputs from these analyses are used to create a concept, that should help the company increase the competitiveness.

Spatial econometrics can bring a useful approach to macroeconomic analysis of regional data. This thesis delineates suitable cross-section data models regarding their geographical location. Neighbourhood relation is used for the analysis. The relation of neighbourhood among the regions is expressed using spatial weight matrix. We focus on spatial autocorrelation tests and introduce processes of finding a suitable spatial model. Further, we describe regression coefficients estimates and estimates of spatial dependence coefficients, especially method of maximum likelihood estimates. Besides illustrative examples we apply chosen basic spatial models on real macroeconomic data. We examine how they describe relation between household incomes, GDP and unemployment rate in western Europe. Results are compared with a linear regression model.

This diploma thesis deals with Croatia, the newest member of the European Union. Within the theoretical foundations it focuses on the European integration, describes the development of the European Union and introduces the entry conditions for the candidate countries, it also characterizes the basic macroeconomic concepts, which are being used further in the work. The second part of this work presents the long journey of Croatia towards European membership, with a focus on problem areas of the accession negotiations. The main part of the work is an analysis of the economic and political situation, firstly in the period before and then after the country's accession to the EU. After that the changes which this event represents for Croatia and the European Union are evaluated. Finally, an evaluation of the country's preparedness for potential entry into the euro area is submitted along with the arguments for and against the adoption of the single currency.