This thesis examines the effect of population ageing on macroeconomic aggregates. The author´s objective is to verify, whether there exists any relationship of the population ageing factors and the GDP growth rate, social expenditures growth rate and the consumption growth rate. Econometric models are based on theoretical specifications of Faruqee´s life-cycle model and Prettner´s R&D model with overlapping generations. The degree of economic development is also taken into account. Furthermore, the author modified the R&D model by incorporation of the poverty indicator and its application on available datasets. The research is focused on five European countries in 1995 - 2013. The Ordinary Least Squares method is used to gain estimated results in regression analyses. The author managed to prove an existing relationship between the old age dependency ratio and the social expenditures in all countries except Switzerland. The impact of the population ageing factor on the consumption growth rate turned out to be significant in all of those countries. Substantial fluctuations are shown only in Bulgaria and in the Czech Republic. The GDP growth rate seems to be influenced by ageing factor in the Czech Republic and in the Ukraine alone. The research has also shown that developing countries respond more dramatically to changes in the population structure distribution, while the poverty indicator plays an important role only in the Ukraine.

The thesis deals with the statistics of research and development and focuses on possible effects of considered capitalization of R&D expenses. The opening part is devoted to statistical investigations in the R&D area to provide an overview of data base. Subsequently, the specific suggested methodological changes in the international ESA standard and related changes in the national accounting system are introduced, including the description of current practices. In the main part, the impacts of the capitalization on the main macroeconomic aggregates and Maastricht criteria fulfilling are presented on the real Czech Republic data. In the final section, possible impact on the contributions of the Czech Republic to the EU budget are shown, along with international comparisons describing impacts on all member states in the context of the EU budget financing. The aim of the comparison is to show whether capitalization is beneficial or not for the individual member states.

The aim of my diploma thesis is to describe indirect methods that are used in the compilation of quarterly national accounts. The diploma thesis is divided into three parts and three chapters. The first chapter presents the theoretical background and describes the development of national accounts in the Czech Republic and the basic macroeconomic aggregates. The second chapter is devoted to the quarterly national accounts and mathematical and statistical methods that are used in their compilation. The third chapter describes in detail selected indirect methods, which consists in linking the indicator and aggregate. Consequently, this method is applied to the data of the Czech Republic and then quarterly estimates are constructed which are compared to actual values.

Au cours de ces dernières années, les banques centrales principales ont adopté de nouvelles politiques monétaires considérées comme étant des politiques non conventionnelles. Ces politiques ont pour objectif de relancer la croissance économique et de maîtriser l’inflation par l’intermédiaire du marché obligataire. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous étudions l’impact de ces nouvelles pratiques monétaires sur les marchés financiers. Plus précisément, nous essayons d’explorer l’évolution du marché boursier face à la mise en œuvre de l’assouplissement quantitatif et de détecter les canaux de transmission de cette stratégie aux cours boursiers. / During the last few years, major central banks have adopted new monetary policies that were considered unconventional policies. These new measures aim to boost economic growth and control inflation through the bond market. In this research the main objective is to study the impact of these new monetary practices on the financial markets. More specifically, this dissertation tries to explore the stock market's evolution in the face of the implementation of quantitative easing and to detect the transmission channels of this strategy to stock prices.