Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-103).

abstract: A workload-aware low-power neuromorphic controller for dynamic power and thermal management in VLSI systems is presented. The neuromorphic controller predicts future workload and temperature values based on the past values and CPU performance counters and preemptively regulates supply voltage and frequency. System-level measurements from stateof-the-art commercial microprocessors are used to get workload, temperature and CPU performance counter values. The controller is designed and simulated using circuit-design and synthesis tools. At device-level, on-chip planar inductors suffer from low inductance occupying large chip area. On-chip inductors with integrated magnetic materials are designed, simulated and fabricated to explore performance-efficiency trade offs and explore potential applications such as resonant clocking and on-chip voltage regulation. A system level study is conducted to evaluate the effect of on-chip voltage regulator employing magnetic inductors as the output filter. It is concluded that neuromorphic power controller is beneficial for fine-grained per-core power management in conjunction with on-chip voltage regulators utilizing scaled magnetic inductors. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2011

O objetivo principal do projeto foi desenvolver, através da metalurgia do pó (M/P), núcleos para transformadores monofásicos de baixa potência. O processo compreende o desenvolvimento de ligas metálicas utilizando pós de ferro, níquel e resina fenólica HRJ. Essas ligas foram misturadas, compactadas e sinterizadas ou curadas, conforme o tipo de liga. Após a confecção dos protótipos, foram feitos testes relacionados às características eletromagnéticas. A partir dos resultados obtidos puderam-se fazer comparações entre um transformador convencional, construído com um núcleo de chapas laminadas de Fe-Si com os núcleos maciços confeccionados utilizando-se a metalurgia do pó. Entre os transformadores construídos a partir da metalurgia do pó, também puderam ser observados os comportamentos com núcleos formados a partir de pó de ferro, liga de ferro e níquel, que foram sinterizados e ainda uma liga de ferro com 1% de resina fenólica HRJ que foi curada para obtenção do núcleo magnético. / The main goal this design was to develop, through process of powder Metallurgy, single-phase transformer cores for low Power. The process include the development alloys using powders of iron, nickel and phenolic resin HRJ. These alloys were mixed, compacted and sintered or cured, according to the type of alloy. After the prototype creation, tests were made related to the electromagnetic characteristics. When the results were ready comparisons were made between a conventional transformer, built with a Fe-Si rolled sheet core and bulky cores made using the powder metallurgy. Between transformers built from the powder metallurgy, could also be observed behaviors with cores formed from iron powder, iron and nickel alloy that was sintered and observed too an iron alloy with 1% phenolic resin HRJ was cured to obtain the magnetic core.

Le travail proposé est le résultat d’une collaboration entre le Laboratoire Laplace et l’IRT SaintExupéry. Il s’inscrit dans un projet visant à améliorer l’intégration des systèmes électriques afin d’électrifier les aéronefs. Le développement de l’énergie électrique à bord des aéronefs a de nombreux avantages : gain de masse, optimisation facilitée, … Plus précisément, c’est l’utilisation des machines électriques qui est ici étudiée. Actionneur, compresseur, beaucoup de système utilisant des énergies non-électriques peuvent être remplacés par des machines électriques. Comme dans tout système de conversion d’énergie, des pertes sont présentes et ce sont les pertes magnétiques, appelées perte fer, qui sont au cœur de cette thèse. Le réseau électrique avion, ainsi que les dispositifs de commande de ces machines, induisent une large augmentation de la proportion des pertes fer par rapport aux autres pertes. Les rendements diminuent et c’est surtout leur prédiction qui pose problème : les machines électriques sont surdimensionnées par sécurité, elles deviennent moins efficaces et le gain en masse est réduit. C’est pourquoi il est indispensable d’une part de comprendre le comportement des matériaux magnétiques utilisés dans les machines électriques dans des conditions non-idéales : il s’agit de la caractérisation des matériaux magnétiques. D’autre part, il est nécessaire d’améliorer les modèles de pertes fer afin de rendre leur prédiction efficace et optimiser le dimensionnement des machines électriques. Plus leur prédiction sera précise, plus les facteurs d’influence sur les pertes seront déterminés. Il sera alors possible d’envisager une optimisation plus globale de la chaîne électromécanique. Cette thèse est une première étape vers cette intégration globale. La caractérisation des matériaux fut faite sous diverses conditions. Tout d’abord, des champs magnétiques B unidimensionnels ont été étudiés. L’influence de leur spectre sur les pertes fer était au cœur de cette caractérisation : influence de l’amplitude ou de la fréquence dans le cas de champs sinusoïdaux, puis de la fréquence et de la phase d’harmoniques dans le cas de spectre plus complexes. Les pertes fer sont très sensibles à ces paramètres, ils sont donc à prendre en compte dans le dimensionnement des machines électriques. La modélisation des pertes proposée ensuite passe par une reconstitution du cycle d’hystérésis. Il s’agit donc de prédire le champ B à partir du champ H. Basée sur le modèle Play, la modélisation quasi-statique scalaire développée a montré sa précision et sa prédictibilité. Cependant, étant scalaire et quasi-statique, ce modèle ne fonctionne pas en fréquence. Un modèle analytique de courants de Foucault ainsi que des propositions de dynamisation ont été développés. Le modèle de courants de Foucault permettrait de tenir compte des effets de fréquence et donc de compléter le modèle quasi-statique. / The work proposed here took place in IRT Saint-Exupéry in collaboration with Laplace Laboratory. It is part of a project aiming for the integration of electrical systems improvement in order to electrify aircraft. The development of electrical energy aboard aircraft has many advantages: mass gain, optimization facilitated... More precisely, the using of electrical machines is studied here. Actuator, compressor, a lot of system using non-electric energies can be changed for electrical machines. As in any energy conversion system, losses cannot be avoided and especially iron losses, which are the main topic of this thesis. The airplane electrical networks, as well as electrical machine control devices, induce a large increase in iron loss proportion compared to other losses. Yields are diminishing but iron loss prediction is the main issue: electrical machines are oversized for safety, become less efficient and the mass gain is reduced. That is why the understanding of the behavior, or characterization, of magnetic materials used in electrical machines under non-ideal conditions is essential. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the iron loss models in order to make their prediction efficient and to optimize the electrical machine modeling. The more precise their prediction, the more the factors influencing the losses will be determined. It will then be possible to envisage a more global optimization of the electromechanical chain. This thesis is a first step towards this global integration. The magnetic material characterization was done under various conditions. First, one-dimensional flux density B have been studied. The influence of their spectrum on iron losses was the major purpose of this characterization: amplitude or frequency influence in the case of sinusoidal fields and then harmonic frequency or harmonic phase influence for more complex spectrum. Iron losses are very sensitive to these parameters. Then, the proposed loss modelling goes through a reconstruction of the hysteresis cycle. Therefore, it consists in predicting B from the H field. Based on Play model, this scalar quasi-static modelling has shown its accuracy and predictability. However, being scalar and quasi-static prevent the model from any time-dependence. An analytical model of eddy currents and a dynamization proposal has been developed. With an eddy current model, frequency effects would be taken into account and thus would complete the quasi-static model.

This work has involved the study of the magnetic behaviour of small magnetic nanoparticle systems. Due to the reduced size of magnetic nanoparticles they present distinctive properties, such as size and surface effects, that have been analysed in this work, as well as the effect of interactions in such systems. The samples chosen for the study were magnetite particles in the form of a ferrofluid and Co nanoclusters in a nonmagnetic matrix of Cu. Both systems present very narrow particle size distributions, which facilitates the interpretation of the data. The samples have been subjected to basic characterisation, which includes the determination of the distribution of magnetic particle sizes using the magnetisation curves at room temperatures, TEM microscopy and X-ray diffraction, in the case of the ferrofluid samples. For the nanoclusters, a time of flight spectrometer has been used to obtain the number of atoms per cluster. Many of the measurements have been performed at low temperatures, where thermal effects are minimised. For such measurements the samples have been frozen in a zero applied field, so that they have a random distribution of magnetic moments prior to the measurement. The energy barrier distributions have been calculated via the temperature decay of remanence (TDR). From this study, an effective anisotropy constant has been calculated. For the study of the interactions, surface and size effects, magnetisation, susceptibility (ZFC), remanence and delta-M curves, as well as the time dependence of magnetisation have been studied. The attempt frequency of the different particle size systems has been calculated using different techniques. The basic magnetic behaviour can be explained on the basis of the Neel blocking model. It has been found that the systems with the smaller particles have significant surface effects, which are enhanced at lower temperatures. Interactions, which are weak due to the low concentration of magnetic material in the samples (<10%), have been found to be overall demagnetising and the evolution of the magnetic properties with dilution has been explained. As is the case for the surface effects, interaction effects are stronger at low temperatures due the reduction of thermal effects. The experimental results have been compared with calculations from a Montecarlo model for fine particles, which includes the effects of concentration, anisotropy, particle size and temperature.

abstract: There is an ever-growing need for broadband conformal antennas to not only reduce the number of antennas utilized to cover a broad range of frequencies (VHF-UHF) but also to reduce visual and RF signatures associated with communication systems. In many applications antennas needs to be very close to low-impedance mediums or embedded inside low-impedance mediums. However, for conventional metal and dielectric antennas to operate efficiently in such environments either a very narrow bandwidth must be tolerated, or enough loss added to expand the bandwidth, or they must be placed one quarter of a wavelength above the conducting surface. The latter is not always possible since in the HF through low UHF bands, critical to Military and Security functions, this quarter-wavelength requirement would result in impractically large antennas. Despite an error based on a false assumption in the 1950’s, which had severely underestimated the efficiency of magneto-dielectric antennas, recently demonstrated magnetic-antennas have been shown to exhibit extraordinary efficiency in conformal applications. Whereas conventional metal-and-dielectric antennas carrying radiating electric currents suffer a significant disadvantage when placed conformal to the conducting surface of a platform, because they induce opposing image currents in the surface, magnetic-antennas carrying magnetic radiating currents have no such limitation. Their magnetic currents produce co-linear image currents in electrically conducting surfaces. However, the permeable antennas built to date have not yet attained the wide bandwidth expected because the magnetic-flux-channels carrying the wave have not been designed to guide the wave near the speed of light at all frequencies. Instead, they tend to lose the wave by a leaky fast-wave mechanism at low frequencies or they over-bind a slow-wave at high frequencies. In this dissertation, we have studied magnetic antennas in detail and presented the design approach and apparatus required to implement a flux-channel carrying the magnetic current wave near the speed of light over a very broad frequency range which also makes the design of a frequency independent antenna (spiral) possible. We will learn how to construct extremely thin conformal antennas, frequency-independent permeable antennas, and even micron-sized antennas that can be embedded inside the brain without damaging the tissue. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017

Le développement d'applications sans fil conduit à une demande croissante de composants électroniques à large bande. Les inductances et les transformateurs sont des éléments clés pour les étapes de gestion d'énergie et de la communication. La connaissance du comportement électrique des matériaux magnétiques est essentiel, surtout lorsque les applications à large bande sont concernés. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des techniques pour la caractérisation des matériaux déposé par procédé jet d'encre. The development of wireless applications leads to an increasing demand of electronic broadband components. Inductances and transformers are key components for power management and communication stages. The knowledge of the electric behaviour of the magnetic materials is critical especially when broadband applications are concerned. The objective of this thesis is to develop techniques to characterizing materials deposed by inkjet process. / The development of wireless applications leads to an increasing demand of electronic broadband components. Inductances and transformers are key components for power management and communication stages. The knowledge of the electric behaviour of the magnetic materials is critical especially when broadband applications are concerned. The objective of this thesis is to develop techniques to characterizing materials deposed by inkjet process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:29:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ca_me_bauru.pdf: 3461984 bytes, checksum: 726a1953418403989a2dac8b2bceb4e3 (MD5) / As manganitas óxidas apresentam um complexo diagrama de fases magnéticas e muitos dos seus mecanismos fundamentais de interação magnética ainda precisam ser explorados. A nível cristalográfico, as manganitas óxidas de terras-raras têm suas propriedades magnéticas fortemente afetadas pela variação do íon de terra na estrutura cristalina do composto, pela natureza do elemento de transição presente na composição e pela possibilidade deste metal sofrer flutuações de valência. Além disso, a natural ocorrência de vacâncias de oxigênio também presentes nesses materiais cerâmicos são responsáveis por respostas magnéticas distintas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese, a caracterização estrutural e a caracterização magnética de dois conjuntos de amostras policristalinas da família Er'Co IND. x''Mn IND. 1-x''O IND> 3+ou - δ' preparados pelo Método dos Precursores Poliméricos. O primeiro conjunto apresenta diferentes valores das composições relativas de manganês e cobalto e um segundo conjunto apresenta variações na estequiometria de oxigênio, além dos compostos base ErMn'O POT. 3' e ErCo'O POT. 3'. Para a caracterização cristalográfica, as amostras foram estudadas por difração de Raios X e analisadas através do método de refinamento Rietveld, e a caracterização magnética foi feita por medidas de magnetização em função da temperatura e em função do campo magnético aplicado. Da análise estrutural, tem-se que as amostras produzidas possuíam frações muito pequenas de fases secundárias, sendo que as fases foram quantificadas através do método Rietveld. As medidas magnéticas mostraram a extensa coexistência de diferentes respostas magnéticas para as amostras com composição relativa Co/Mn. / Manganese based oxides present a very complex magnetic phase diagram and still have many of their basic physical properties and magnetic interaction to be better explored. At crystallographic level, rare-earth oxide manganites have their magnetic properties strongly effected by tchanges in the rare-earth ion present in the structure, the nature of the transition element in the structure and also by the possibility of electronic valence fluctuations. Furthermore, the occurrence of oxygen vacancies are also responsible for a sort of different magnetic responses. In this work it was studied the synthesis procedure, structural and magnetic characterization of polycrystalline samples of the ErMn'O POT. 3' e ErCo'O POT. 3' family prepared by a polymeric precursors method. A first group of samples presents different manganese and cobalt contents ratio and a second group of the analized samples presents variations in the oxygen stoichiometric. The structural and crystalographic characterization were performed by X ray powder diffraction and further analyzed by the Rietveld refinement method, and the magnetic characteristic were studied by measurements of magnetization as a function of temperature at different values of applied magnetic field. From structural analysis, the produced sample have a small piece of secondary phase, that were quantifity using the Rietveld method. The magnetic measures showed a larger coexistence of differents magnetics interactions to sample with relative composition Co/Mn.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07310.pdf: 8434532 bytes, checksum: 2fffac8743bcb0d1fd0d8045952b7835 (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP