The domain wall dynamics is used in many spintronic devices based on the uniaxial ferromagnetic wires to transport and store information. Therefore, the domain wall velocity is one of the main parameters that determine the operation speed of these devices. Recently, a big attention is being paid to amorphous glass-coated microwires due to the very high domain wall velocities that reach up to 20 km/s. In this work, the fast domain wall propagation in amorphous glass-coated microwires was found in the presence of two main factors: (i) relatively low magnetic anisotropy, (ii) complex geometry of magnetic anisotropies given by internal distribution of mechanical stresses. The domain wall dynamics was examined in amorphous glass-coated microwires of reduced diameter down to 1 μm. It was shown, that the domain wall dynamics in these wires is the same as in wires of bigger diameter. It proves that the high domain wall velocities in microwires are not the effect of microwire diameter value. The direct observation of the surface domain wall structure by use of MOKE microscope confirmed that the domain wall is inclined relatively to the main axis. A new method for magneto-optical observation of the samples with cylindrical geometry was proposed. The inclined structure of the domain wall was found to be partially responsible for the high apparent domain wall velocity measured by the Sixtus-Tonks method in microwires.

La dynamique des paroi de domaine est utilisée dans de nombreux dispositifs de spintronique basés sur des micro et nanofils magnétiques pour la transmission et le stockage de l'information. La vitesse de la paroi de domaine est donc un des paramètres qui déterminent la vitesse de fonctionnement de ces dispositifs. Actuellement, un accent considérable est mis sur la compréhension de l'origine des grandes vitesses parois de domaines dans les microfils, qui peuvent atteindre 20 km/s. Dans ce travail, des fortes vitesses de parois ont été trouvées en présence de deux principaux facteurs: (i) une valeur relativement faible de l'anisotropie magnétique, et (ii) une distribution complexe de l'anisotropie magnétique due aux contraintes internes. En outre, la dynamique d'une paroi de domaine a été étudiée pour les échantillons à diamètre réduit, jusqu'à 1 μm. Il a été démontré que la dynamique d'une paroi de domaine est la même que dans les échantillons plus épais, ce qui confirme que les vitesses élevées ne sont pas seulement liées à la taille des microfils. L'observation directe de la structure de surface des parois de domaines par microscopie MOKE confirmé la forme de la paroi de domaine inclinée par rapport à l'axe du fil. Une nouvelle méthode a été proposée pour effectuer des observations sur des échantillons cylindriques. La structure inclinée de la paroi de domaine est jugée en partie responsable des valeurs élevées de vitesse apparente des parois de domaines mesurées par la méthode Sixte-Tonks dans ces microfils. / The domain wall dynamics is used in many spintronic devices based on the uniaxial ferromagnetic wires to transport and store information. Therefore, the domain wall velocity is one of the main parameters that determine the operation speed of these devices. Recently, a big attention is being paid to amorphous glass-coated microwires due to the very high domain wall velocities that reach up to 20 km/s. In this work, the fast domain wall propagation in amorphous glass-coated microwires was found in the presence of two main factors: (i) relatively low magnetic anisotropy, (ii) complex geometry of magnetic anisotropies given by internal distribution of mechanical stresses. The domain wall dynamics was examined in amorphous glass-coated microwires of reduced diameter down to 1 μm. It was shown, that the domain wall dynamics in these wires is the same as in wires of bigger diameter. It proves that the high domain wall velocities in microwires are not the effect of microwire diameter value. The direct observation of the surface domain wall structure by use of MOKE microscope confirmed that the domain wall is inclined relatively to the main axis. A new method for magneto-optical observation of the samples with cylindrical geometry was proposed. The inclined structure of the domain wall was found to be partially responsible for the high apparent domain wall velocity measured by the Sixtus-Tonks method in microwires. / Dynamika doménovej steny sa používa v mnohých spintronických zariadeniach na báze tenkých magnetických drôtoch na prenos a uchovávanie informácie. Rýchlosť doménovej steny je preto jedným z parametrov, ktoré určujú operačnú rýchlosť týchto zariadení. V súčasnosti je kladený značný dôraz na pochopenie pôvodu veľkých rýchlostí doménovej steny v mikrodrôtoch, kde rýchlosti dosahujú až 20 km/s. Veľké rýchlosti doménovej steny v mikrodrôtoch boli v tejto práci nájdené v prítomnosti dvoch faktorov: (i) relatívne nízka hodnota magnetickej anizotropie a (ii) zložitá distribúcia magnetických anizotropií daných vnútornými pnutiami. Navyše, dynamika doménovej steny bola študovaná aj na vzorkách s redukovaným priemerom až do 1 μm. Bolo ukázané, že dynamika doménovej steny je v týchto drôtoch rovnaká ako je tomu v hrubších vzorkách, čo potvrdzuje, že vysoké rýchlosti nie sú len efektom rozmeru amorfných, sklom potiahnutých mikrodrôtoch. Priame pozorovania povrchovej štruktúry doménovej steny pomocou MOKE mikroskopu potvrdili naklonený tvar doménovej steny vzhľadom na os drôtu. Bola navrhnutá nová metóda na vykonávanie magneto-optických pozorovaní valcových vzoriek. Naklonený tvar doménovej steny bol nájdený ako jeden z faktorov umožňujúcich zdanlivo veľké rýchlosti doménovej steny meraných Sixtusovou-Tonkosvou metódou na mikrodrôtoch.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Glass covered microwires are materials with soft magnetic properties suitable to several technological applications, specially in magnetic sensors. The main feature of these wires, with negative magnetostriction, it is the magnetic domain structure, which are studied in several research centers. In this work it was developed an AC susceptometer capable to operate at room temperature at different applied fields and stress and another one to operate in cryogenic temperatures. The AC susceptibility technique carry out information either about the dynamic magnetic processes as the dissipative one that occur into the samples. In particular, microwires samples with nominal composition of Co68.25Fe4.25Si12.5B15 were studied. These Co-rich microwires exhibit the bamboo-like domain structure, meaning an axially magnetized core surrounded by a circumferentially magnetized shell. The AC susceptibility study on these samples give us information as, for example, that with the increase of the applies stress, there is an increase of the volume of the circumferentially magnetized shell at expenses of the inner core volume. It was also verified that, the magnetic behavior with the reduction of the temperature is similar to that observed when the microwires are axially stressed. This fact is due to the competition between the maganetoelastic and magnetostatic energies. / Microfios amorfos recobertos por vidro são materiais com propriedades magnéticas macias adequadas para várias aplicações tecnológicas, especialmente sensores magnéticos. Uma das principais características desses microfios com magnetostricção negativa é a sua estrutura de domínios magnéticos, que é alvo de diversos estudos em centros de pesquisa pelo mundo. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido e construído um susceptômetro para medidas de susceptibilidade magnética AC em temperatura ambiente e um outro para operar em temperaturas criogênicas. Para o caso de materiais magnéticos, a técnica de susceptibilidade AC traz informações de relevância sobre os processos de magnetização, como a dinâmica dos momentos magnéticos e processos dissipativos que ocorrem no interior da amostra. Em particular, foram estudadas amostras de microfios amorfos recobertos por vidro com composição nominal de Co68.25Fe4.25Si12.5B15. Esses microfios amorfos ricos em cobalto exibem uma estrutura de domínios magnéticos denominada como bamboo, estrutura essa que corresponde a um núcleo magnetizado longitudinalmente envolto por um domínios magnetizados circunferencialmente. O estudo da susceptibilidade magnética trouxe informações de relevância sobre essas amostras, onde conseguimos constatar principalmente que com o aumento da tensão mecânica externa, há um aumento volumétrico dos domínios com magnetização circunferencial as custas do volume do núcleo magnetizado axialmente. Verificou-se ainda com esse estudo, que esses microfios exibem um comportamento magnético em função da temperatura muito parecido com o comportamento magnético frente a tensão mecânica externa. Isso é fruto de uma competição entre as energias magnetoelástica e magnetostática, que são as principais energias envolvidas nesses materiais.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Amorphous glass-coated microwires are materials with soft magnetic properties suitable for various technological applications, mainly magnetic sensors. One of the outstanding properties of microwires with positive magnetostriction is the magnetic bi-stability, that means, the inversion of the magnetization is done by one magnetic domain wall displacement along the wire. In this work it was developed a system to determine the domain wall speed in microwires and studied its dynamic. Particularly, were studied the relation between domain wall speed, magnetic field and magnetoelastic anisotropy in Fe77;5Si7;5B15 microwires. It has been verified that the main source of domain wall damping is the eddy-currents and spin relaxation, both with a strong relation with the magnetoelastic energy. The magnetoelastic energy is changed by the axial applied stress which, by its time, modifies the damping mechanisms. It was also verified that the domain wall damping present different behavior at low (mainly eddy-currents) and high applied stress (spin relaxation). / Microfios amorfos recobertos por vidro são materiais com propriedades magnéticas macias adequadas para várias aplicações tecnológicas, especialmente sensores magnéticos. Uma das propriedades interessantes dos microfios com magnetostricção positiva é a biestabilidade magnética, cuja inversão da magnetização se dá pela propagação de uma parede de domínio ao longo do material. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um sistema para a determinação da velocidade de uma parede de domínio em microfios e estudada a dinâmica dessa parede. Em particular, foram estudadas as relações entre velocidade da parede de domínio, campo magnético e anisotropia magnetoelástica em microfios amorfos com composição nominal de Fe77;5Si7;5B15. Verificouse que os principais mecanismos de amortecimento das paredes de domínio têm origem nas microcorrentes de Foucault (eddy-currents) e na relaxação de spins, ambas com forte dependência da energia magnetoelástica. A energia magnetoelástica varia com a aplicação de uma tensão axial ao fio influenciando os mecanismos de amortecimento. Verificou-se também que a variação do amortecimento efetivo das paredes de domínio com a tensão tem comportamentos distintos a baixas (eddy-currents) e altas tensões aplicadas (relaxação de spin).