Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.)--Portland State University, 2002. / Computer-produced typeface. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123).

Oriented archaeomagnetic samples were collected from 158 in situ features at 33 sites in the southwestern U.S. Seventy-three independently dated features were used for analysis of secular variation. A moving-window smoothing technique with outlier rejection was developed to objectively compute a virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path. Weighted Fisher statistics, accounting for errors in both dating and archaeomagnetic direction, were used to compute a mean VGP and standard error (A95) within each window of time. The VGP moves from 86°N, 83°E at A.D. 750 to 74°N, 192°E at A.D. 1075, and then to 85°N, 236°E at A.D. 1425. Secular variation of the VGP ranges from .00423-.350°/yr with a median of .0359°/yr. The A95s for the VGP curve range from 1.33-5.28°. Archaeomagnetic declinations and inclinations in Tucson range from 346-359°E and 47-60°. The close agreement with a similarly constructed VGP curve for Arkansas implies a small nondipole field in North America between A.D. 1150-1450. The VGP curve is significantly different from that of R. L. DuBois. Three case histories of archaeomagnetic dating suggest the validity of the new curve. The Thellier-Thellier paleointensity experiment was performed on 187 specimens from 77 potsherds. A significant magnetic fabric anisotropy, typically 30%, was found. Using an easy-plane model of magnetization, the anisotropy correction systematically increased the paleointensities by 5%. Paleointensities were interpreted for 127 samples from 54 sherds. All ceramics were independently dated and used along with other results to construct a virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) curve. A moving-window smoother using weighted statistics within each interval of time and incorporating outlier analysis was used. The Southwestern VADM at 300 B.C. is 14 x 10('22)Am('2), decreases to 8.6 x 10²²Am² at A.D. 800, and increases to 12.9 x 10²²Am² at A.D. 1500. Paleointensities from Hohokam ceramics compare favorably with paleointensities from other Southwestern ceramics, regardless of whether the long Hohokam chronology beginning at 300 B.C. or the short chronology beginning at A.D. 500 are used. There is also reasonable agreement between the Southwest and Mesoamerican VADM records.

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Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa / This thesis describes the development of a methodology to find inter tidal shipwrecks. The discussion revolves around finding a particular shipwreck – that of the Dutch slaver Meermin. The story of the revolt on the Meermin helps to focus the search and development of the methodology to find inter tidal shipwrecks as the Meermin was wrecked in this zone. The thesis contextualises the search and the story by discussing not only maritime archaeology in South Africa, but also looking at slave ship archaeology and the history of slavery at the Cape. One of the key techniques for finding shipwrecks is the use of magnetometers. The discussion defines the types of magnetometers available to archaeologists and how magnetometry was applied during the search for the Meermin. This inevitably includes an examination of the shipwrecks wrecked in the area of the Meermin episode as well as the way this region has changed over time. The results of the magnetometer searches (which included airborne, handheld and marine magnetometers) are discussed as well as the ground truthing of the results. The latter involved excavation and the development of excavation strategies, and excavation results are scrutinized. In the final analysis the search for the Meermin is further contextualised by considering the various impacts the project has had in other spheres. / Hierdie tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van ‘n metodologie waarmee skeepswrakke in die inter-gety sone opgespoor kan word. Die Hollandse slaweskip, Meermin, is die fokus van die diskussie. Die storie van die slawe opstand op die Meermin help om die ontwikkeling en soektog na skeepswrakke in die inter-gety sone te verskerp, aangesien dit in hierdie sone was waarin die Meermin gestrand het. Die soektog en storie van die Meermin word gekontekstualiseer deur die bespreking van die ontwikkeling van maritieme argeologie in Suid Afrika, die argeologie van slawe skepe en ‘n kort geskiedenis van slawerny aan die Kaap. Magnetometers is een van die belangrikste tegnieke gebruik vir die opspoor van skeepswrakke. Die tipes magnetometers wat deur argeoloë gebruik word, word gedefinieër asook hoe magnetometers gedurende die soektog na die Meermin gebruik is. Daar word ook gekyk na die ander skepe wat in die area van die Meermin gestrand het en die veranderinge wat deur die jare in die streek plaasgevind het. Die resultate van die magnetometer soektogte (insluitend vliegtuig, draagbare en mariene magnetometers) word bespreek so wel as die opgrawings van die resultate. Hierdie opgrawings het noodwendig gelei tot die ontwikkeling van opgrawings tegnieke. Die resultate van die opgrawings word bespreek. Die finale analise kontekstualiseer die soektog na die Meermin met ‘n bepeinsing van die menige impakte wat die projek gehad het. / Le thisisi icacisa ngenkqubela kulwazi-nkqubo lokufumana iinqanawa ezaphuka phakathi kokuzala nokurhoxa kolwandle. Ingxoxo zimalunga nokufunyanwa kwenqanawa ethile eyaphukayo – kanye leyo yayithutha amakhoboka amaHolani i-Meermin. Ibali lovukelo kwi-Meermin liyasinceda siqwalasele uphando nenkqubela kulwazi-nkqubo lokufumana iinqanawa ezaphuka phakathi kokuzala nokurhoxa kolwandle njengoko i-Meermin yaqhekeka kanye kulo mmandla. Ithisisi le isicacisela kanye ngophando nembali ngokuxoxa hayi ngobunzululwazi ngezakudala emanzini eMzantsi Afrika nje kuphela, koko iphinde ijonge ngobunzululwazi ngezakudala kwinqanawa yokuthutha amakhoboka nembali yobukhoboka eKapa. Obunye bobuqili obuphambili ekufumaneni iinqanawa eziqhekekileyo kukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa iintshukumo. Ingxoxo ibalula iindidi zezixhobo zokulinganisa iintshukumo ezisetyenziswa ziinzululwazi ngezakudala nendlela ekwasetyenziswa ngayo ukulinganiswa kwentshukumo ngethuba kuphandwa i-Meermin. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuquka ukucutyungulwa kweenqanawa ezaqhekekayo ziqhekeka kummandla wesehlo esisodwa se-Meermin kunye nendlela le ngingqi eguquke ngayo emveni koko. Iziphumo zophando ngezixhobo zokulinganisa iintshukumo (ziquka ezo zasesibhakabhakeni, ezibanjwa ngesandla nezasemanzini) ziyaxoxwa kunye neziphumo zenyani yenene. Le yokugqibela iquka ukwembiwa nenkqubela kwindlela zokomba, iziphumo zokomba nazo ziqwalaselwe. Kuye kwaphinda kwacaciswa kwintlahlela yokugqibela kuphando lwe-Meermin kuqwalaselwa iimpembelelo ezithile umsebenzi othe wangquzulena nazo nakwezinye iindawo. / Anthropology and Archaeology / M.A. (Archaeology)

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Research conducted during 2011 and 2012 at the Mississippian site of Angel Mounds outside of Evansville, IN sheds light on an often overlooked portion of the site that falls outside of the palisade wall – the 3rd Terrace. Through a magnetometer survey, a shovel test survey, and a reanalysis of a 1939 legacy collection from the 3rd Terrace, new interpretations about this peripheral area of the site will help to expand our ideas about Mississippian daily life in a wider geographic area and may help to better understand a transitional period in the history of Angel Mounds. In addition to the creation of a magnetic survey for use by the Angel Mounds State Historic Site, the use of minimally invasive and non-invasive research methods paired with previously excavated and curated collections allows for new research to be conducted with minimal disturbance to the archaeological site. While this research is a preliminary investigation of the archaeological potential for the 3rd Terrace, it also provides a solid basis for future research in the area and contributes to the wider understanding of Angel Mounds and the Mississippian world.