Orientador: Silvio José Bicudo / Banca: Abel Washington de Albuquerque / Banca: José Roberto Santos / Abstract: The search for an ecologically sustainable and economically viable agriculture is growing through the years. Conservation tillages and production systems that aim maximizing soil and water use in a sustainable form, has becoming alternatives, mainly for regions that have relatively short periods of rain and high temperatures. The objective of this research was to evaluate intercropping systems with maize and Brachiaria that has better adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions in "Zona da Mata" region, State of Alagoas. The experiment was conducted in 2005, in the experimental area of "Campus Delza Gitaí" belonging to the "Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CECA, Universidade Federal de Alagoas - UFAL". The treatments consisted of a BRS 3150 hybrid of maize, cultivated in the systems: 1) Conventional Cropping, 2) Minimum Cultivation and 3) No-tillage (BRS 3150 intercropped with Brachiaria decumbens). The randomized block design was used, with subdivided splots and four replications, with an area of 44.8 m2 (6.4 x 7 m) for each subplot. During maize flowering period, it was measured plant height, stem diameter and number of photosynthetic active leaves; for these evaluations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Resumo: A área experimental foi instalada na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, localizada a uma altitude de 610m e com as seguintes coordenadas geográficas: 21°15'22" S e 48°15'18" W. O clima é do tipo Cwa, segundo a classificação de Köppen, isto é, subtropical, temperado, seco no inverno, com temperatura média máxima superior a 22°C. O experimento foi instalado com o objetivo de estudar o comportamento de diferentes doses de biossólidos aplicadas, comparadas à fertilização mineral, sobre formas de fósforo no solo, bem como distribuição do nutriente no perfil até a profundidade de 0,60m. Utilizou-se a cultura do milho nos anos agrícolas 1997/1998, 1998/1999 e 1999/2000, utilizando-se um solo latossolo vermelho distroférrico, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: sem qualquer tipo de fertilização (no ano agrícola 1997/98) e apenas com fertilização mineral (nos anos subseqüentes) (T); aplicação de 2,5 t ha-1 de biossólido (base seca) e complementação mineral de P e K, quando necessário (L1), aplicação de 5,0 t ha-1 de biossólido (base seca) e complementação mineral de P e K, quando necessário (L2), aplicação de 10 t ha-1 de biossólido (base seca) e complementação mineral de P e K, quando necessário (L3). Avaliou-se a distribuição do P total e P das frações substâncias humicas (P-SH), ácido fúlvico (P-AF), acido humico (P-AH) e humina (P-HN), P inorgânico, P orgânico, P Total(i+o), P extraível no perfil até a profundidade de 0,60m, bem como suas inter-relações... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work was carried out in Experimental and Research Farm of FCAV - UNESP, Jaboticabal county, São Paulo State, located at 610m altitude and geographic coordinates: 21°15'22" S and 48°15'18" W. The climate is Cwa by Kopen classification, sub tropical, temperate dry winter, with average maximum temperature of 22°C. The experiment was carried out with the objective to study the comportment of different biossolid ratio applications, compared with mineral fertilization, on P forms and distribution in soil layers from surface to 0,60m. The Maize was utilized at tree years (1997/98, 1998/99 and 1999/00) using an Oxisol in randomized blocks, with four treatments and five replications, cultivating maize without mineral fertilization (1997/98) and only mineral fertilization in the following years (T); 2.5 t biosolid ha-1 (dry basis) (L1), 5 t biosolid ha-1 (dry basis) (L2), 10 t biosolid ha-1 (dry basis) (L3). The treatments with biosolid was amended with mineral fertilizer (P and K) whenever necessary. The area was prepared and biossolid was applied and then incorporated at 0,05-0,10m. Phosphorus in nitric percloric acid (PNP), humic substances fractions (P-SH), fulvic acid (P-AF), humic acid (P-AH), humin (P-HN), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), total phosphorus (total P), organic phosphorus (Po) and resin phosphorus (P res) was evaluated in 0-0.05m, 0.05-0.10m, 0.10-0.20m, 0.20-0.40m and 0.40-0.60m layers. Phosphatase activity was evaluated at 0-0.05m and 0.05-0.10m. The data showed that the application of 5 t ha-1 biosolid was the best treatment, considering the amound of total P and labile fractions (P-SH) and less labile fractions (P-AF) in the upper layers. Dose that showed the best total P and P-HN contents is 7 t ha-1; non labile P forms (P-AH) was detected bellow the 0.20m layers including when mineral fertilizer was applied... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below) / Orientador: Wanderley José de Melo / Coorientador: Marcos Omir Marques / Banca: Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz / Banca: Takashi Muraoka / Banca: Ronaldo Severiano Berton / Banca: José Carlos Barbosa / Doutor