published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1995. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf [20]).

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1995. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf iii [i.e. 26]).

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1990. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 47).

Thesis (M. S.)--Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Arthur D. Fisk, Committee Chair ; Wendy A. Rogers, Committee Member ; Gregory M. Corso, Committee Member.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Chicago, 2007. / Adviser: Boaz Keysar. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1996. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of others' explanations for unexpected test results on auditors' judgments of the likelihood that the explanation is correct. Auditors may inherit explanations from various sources. Two primary sources of such explanations are the auditee (client) and a fellow auditor. Two basic types of explanations are error and non-error. Without gathering additional information, auditors cannot know whether a particular unexpected difference is caused by an error (misstatement) or non-error (no misstatement). A between-subjects design is employed to examine how different combinations of source and type of explanation influence auditors' likelihood assessments. This study utilizes an audit scenario wherein subjects inherit an explanation for an unexpected test result. The explanation is attributed to either a fellow auditor or to an auditee. The explanation specifies either an error cause or a non-error cause for the unexpected test result. The description of each source is identical with respect to competency. However, professional skepticism suggests that subjects will attribute varying reliability to the two sources. The two explanations, although different in type, are equally plausible (as determined by a separate of group of subjects who responded to a plausibility survey). Experimental results provide evidence that type of explanation has a significant effect on participants' judgment performance in the form of their assessments of the likelihood of the inherited explanation. Explanations specifying a non-error cause were judged as more likely than explanations specifying an error cause. However, contrary to predictions, the source of the explanation did not affect participants' likelihood assessments. Findings of this study suggest that auditors are more likely to begin with a non-error explanation for an unexpected difference than an error explanation and that the source of an inherited explanation does not have a strong effect on auditors' selection of an initial preferred hypothesis.

Lee Hoi Chi Angie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Content --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.ix / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Previous Work --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Geometry Based Rendering --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Real-Time Shading model --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Ray Tracing --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Volume absorption --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Light Dispersion --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Image Based Rendering --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Environment mapping --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Light field Rendering --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Hardware Acceleration --- p.12 / Chapter 3 --- Gemstones --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Basic optical properties --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Cutting --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3 --- Gemstone model in the proposed system --- p.18 / Chapter 4 --- Ray Tracing --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1 --- Forward ray tracing --- p.19 / Chapter 4.2 --- Backward ray tracing --- p.20 / Chapter 4.3 --- Recursive ray tracing --- p.21 / Chapter 4.4 --- Ray tracing Algorithm --- p.22 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Ray/ Plane Intersection Calculation --- p.23 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Shading Equation --- p.23 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- Ambient Lighting --- p.24 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- Diffuse Reflection --- p.24 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- Specular Reflection --- p.24 / Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- Specular transmission --- p.26 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Fresnel equations --- p.27 / Chapter 5 --- The Pre-computation stage --- p.29 / Chapter 5.1 --- Ray tracer --- p.29 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Simplifications --- p.30 / Chapter 5.2 --- Representing Position and Direction of Rays --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Ray-list --- p.33 / Chapter 6 --- The Shading stage --- p.36 / Chapter 6.1 --- Data retrieving process --- p.36 / Chapter 6.2 --- Illumination equation --- p.36 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- R-factor and T-factor --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Illuminations from light source --- p.37 / Chapter 6.2.2.1 --- Diffuse reflection --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.2.2 --- Specular reflection --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.2.3 --- Specular transmission --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.2.4 --- Light Obstruction Test --- p.40 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Illumination from environment --- p.41 / Chapter 6.2.3.1 --- Virtual Cube --- p.41 / Chapter 6.2.3.2 --- Refraction map of the environment --- p.43 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Total illumination --- p.44 / Chapter 7 --- Implementation --- p.45 / Chapter 7.1 --- The Gemstone model --- p.45 / Chapter 7.2 --- Pre-computation Stage --- p.47 / Chapter 7.3 --- Shading Stage --- p.48 / Chapter 8 --- Result --- p.55 / Chapter 8.1 --- Variables setting --- p.55 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- R-factor and T-factor --- p.55 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Specular reflection constant ks --- p.56 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Color and orientation --- p.56 / Chapter 8.1.4 --- Lighting --- p.57 / Chapter 8.1.5 --- Refractive index --- p.58 / Chapter 8.1.6 --- Transparency --- p.59 / Chapter 8.1.7 --- Background --- p.60 / Chapter 8.2 --- Computational speed --- p.61 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Analytical results --- p.61 / Chapter 8.2.1.1 --- Pre-computation stage --- p.61 / Chapter 8.2.1.2 --- Shading stage --- p.62 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Experimental results --- p.62 / Chapter 8.2.2.1 --- Varying number of polygons --- p.62 / Chapter 8.2.2.2 --- Varying the image size --- p.66 / Chapter 8.2.2.3 --- Varying the of number of internal reflection --- p.68 / Chapter 8.3 --- Comparison --- p.71 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Comparing with real images of gemstone --- p.71 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Comparing with images created by other renderers --- p.73 / Chapter 8.3.2.1 --- Phong shading model --- p.73 / Chapter 8.3.2.2 --- Design software --- p.74 / Chapter 8.3.2.3 --- Web application software --- p.75 / Chapter 9 --- Conclusion and Future work --- p.77 / Chapter 9.1 --- Conclusion --- p.77 / Chapter 9.2 --- Future work --- p.78 / Reference --- p.81

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-241). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.