Univ., Diss--München, 2002.

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-106). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Sub-Saharan Africa is more affected by the HIV epidemic than any other region of the world. At the same time, malnutrition remains a major public health concern. HIV and malnutrition are interlinked, both epidemiologically and physiologically, contributing to high mortality and poor growth and development of children in sub-Saharan Africa. This thesis aims to explore the impact of HIV on the treatment and care of children with severe acute malnutrition in Malawi. The thesis will investigate mortality and nutritional recovery in HIV-infected and uninfected children with SAM; HIV infection and nutritional status in carers of children with SAM; and caregiver perspectives on quality of care for children with SAM. The study is based on a prospective cohort study of 454 children with SAM and meta-analysis of 17 relevant studies; a cross sectional study of 322 carer-child pairs; and a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach.

Thesis (D. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism)--Vaal University of Technology / The main objective of this study was to determine the level of malnutrition in a primary school(children aged six to 13 years old) in an informal settlement and to plan and implement a school-feeding intervention programme. Before and after the intervention blood was drawn from 160 children. Quantitave Food Frequency Questionnaires and 24-hour recall questionnaires were completed in interviews with the parents. Anthropometric measurements included weight-for-age, BMI-for-age and height-for age. The baseline results (QFFQ and 24-hour recall) indicated that zinc (64%), iron (83%) and energy intake levels (59%) were lower than the recommended range for children in this age group when compared to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Food most commonly purchased and consumed were maize meal, tea, sugar and oil as indicated by the top 20 foods purchased list With regard to anthropometric indices, 10% were severely underweight (weight-for-age below ≤5th percentile from the reference NCHS median), 15% were severely wasted (BMI-for-age ≤5th percentile) and 15.3% severely stunted (height-for-age ≤5th percentile). A maize meal wholewheat vetkoek was developed that provided 25% of the daily needs of the children for zinc and iron, making use of ingredients from the top 20 list The vetkoek was biochemically tested and optimised to ensure optimal nutritional content The vetkoek was also sensory analysed by a sample of school children (n=30) for acceptability. The vetkoek was administered for seven months, daily except for school holidays and weekends, to 60 randomly selected children forming the experimental group, with 60 other children receiving a fruit as the control group and 40 children receiving the Primary School Nutrition Programme. The post-intervention results indicated that the children in all three groups ignificantly improved in weight and height and their zinc and iron intake also increased significantly. The post-intervention dietary intake results showed that the product contributed significantly to the quality of the diet. The vetkoek group consumed 358% of iron and 176% of zinc when compared to the DRis, with the PSNP group consuming 167% of iron and 99% zinc and the fruit group 200% of iron and 120% of zinc. Although few statistically significant changes occurred biochemically, clinical changes occurred in all three groups. This study proved that any food provision can have a beneficial impact on the growth of a malnourished child. / Vaal University of Technology and National Research Foundation

WHO and UNICEF recommend the use of “ready-to-use therapeutic food” (RUTF) in the treatment of severely acute malnourished (SAM) children with no complicated medical background. This research paper aims to review the evidence on the use of RUTF in the treatment of SAM children, explore the potential issues with the use of RUTF, and provide suggestions for future research. A total of 7 studies were included for the review on the effectiveness of RUTF treatment. Evidences showed a general improvement in the health outcomes of SAM children, yet failed to yield high-quality evidences to prove its benefits. Potential problems with the reliance on RUTF were identified, further research on the use of RUTF are required. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

Severe malnutrition in children is unacceptable. Rising malnutrition and household food insecurity are common. The problems of hunger and malnutrition in Nigeria are more severe than before. It has been estimated that the percentage of Nigerian households that are food insured was 40% in 1998 increasing from 18% in 1986. Malnutrition is widespread and its prevalence is high. ,The incidence of malnutrition has increased as a result of economic hardships facing the country. It is the children who suffer most. Their energy needs are never met and they remain hungry and wasted. UNICEF, 1998, published the number of malnourished under-five Nigerian children between 1990-1997 as 48% underweight, 9% wasted and 43% stunted. Families are unable to provide animal protein for the growing needs of the children. The use of soybean to augment meals lacking in animal protein is becoming popular. The Kersey Nutrition Rehabilitation Centre (KNRC) uses soybean as its mainstay in the rehabilitation of malnourished children. Reduction of soybean's high concentratioI1S of phytic acid will greatly enhance the crop's nutritional value, especially zinc and iron whose supplementation in the malnourished has greatly improved the management and achieved better weight gain. Up to now, the malnourished children in the world wait for deliverance from their burden. It is hoped that fermented soy supplements will reach out to these children more than ever.

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

A research report submitted to the school of public health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of science in biostatistics. / Background: Globally malnutrition is an underlying cause of death and accounts for over 45% of under-5 mortality mainly resulting from diarrhoea and pneumonia. The post-2015 era has seen, more than 25% of Kenya’s population being food insecure, with considerable geographicandtemporaldisparities. Ourprimaryaimwastounderstandthedeterminants ofmalnutritionrelatedmorbidityandmortalityintheruralKilifiHDSS,withaspecialfocus on children admitted in Kilifi County Hospital (KCH) during 2002-2015. Methodology: Our study participants were all the children between the ages of 6 months to 15 years who were admitted two times or more at the KCH. The outcomes were derived from malnutrition-related admissions based on wasting (WHZ<-2) and oedema and the discharge outcome whether alive or died. There were 3114 children with a total of 7620 admissions for children with more than one admission. In the exploratory data analysis, temporality and seasonality were determined using SARIMA time series models. Morans I index was used to investigate for the presence of spatial autocorrelation. SatScan was used to identify the spatial clusters of malnutrition related admissions and mortality. To understand mortality patterns, geo-additive logistic models were fitted to the KCH data. Mixed effects negative binomial models with separate space and temporal random effects were fit using the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Estimation procedures. The Bayesian methods were used to estimate the spatial parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) assisted with either Metropolis Hastings or Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA). iii ABSTRACT Results: Therewere17,740childrenobservedovertheperiodofstudyand4.01%ofthosedied. A total of 23,347 admission events were observed of which 7,128 were malnutrition related. Outofthe17,740childrenadmitted, 3,114hadoneormoreadmissionevent. A seasonal hike in the May to July month was identified for malnutrition admission. Children with morethanoneadmission,(7620admissions)~24%(n=1858)hadamalnutritioneventand 6.24%ofthemdied. SpatialhotspotsclusterswereidentifiedintheNorthandSouthofthe creek and areas near Kilifi Town was identified as cold spots. Children with two or more severe diseases are more likely to have a malnutrition admission event and females are less likely to be admitted with malnutrition. There was a protective effect as the children grewolderandalsoastheirbodyweightsincreased.Themaleshadahigherriskofdeath compared to the females and a year increase in age reduced the risk of death by 15%. Conclusion: Abetterunderstandingofthefactorsthatcontributetomalnutritionattributableadmission and mortality can be used to advocate for and develop earlier and more appropriate responses. Additionally, this can provide an indication of future trends and the potential impact of interventions.Importantly, including spatial and temporal random effects biostatistical modelling can help reduce bias reporting and help understand better the patterns of morbidity and mortality. Campaigns providing food and/or vitamin or other supplements can contribute to reducing morbidity and ultimately deaths in Kenyan childrenandbuildingmorehealthfacilitiestoreducethedistanceoftraveltocareishighly recommendable. / GR2018

Thesis (M.A. (Population and Reproductive Health Research))--Mahidol University, 1999.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Food and Consumer Sciences)- Durban Institute of Technology, 2004 1 v. (various pagings) / This study examines the incidence of malnutrition and the factors influencing malnutrition amongst rural black children aged 0 to 24 months in Umbumbulu, Kwa-Zulu Natal so as to formulate guidelines for the development of a nutrition intervention education programme.