Aspects of the ecology of B. monticularis were studied with a view to the species' conservation. This investigation indicates that the present distribution is half that of the past distribution and that only one third of the original habitat remains uncultivated. It is estimated that this area could, theoretically, support 1435 rabbits. The shrubs, Pteronia erythrocaetha and Kochia pubescens constitute the bulk of the species' diet; grasses are included in the diet whenever rainfall gives rise to new growth. Spatial use, social structure and activity pattern conform to the general leporid pattern of polygamy, solitary living and nocturnality. The breeding season extends from August to May and litters of one, possibly two, altricial young are produced after a gestation of 35-36 days. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 1989. / gm2013 / Zoology and Entomology / Unrestricted