The initial part of this M.A. thesis is a fiction describing a travel to Greece; it deals with separation, memories and identity. / The following part is an essay on memories and filiation in Le temps qui m'a manque, by Gabrielle Roy. Four reminiscences will be scrutinized: her mother's house, the satin collar, the medals and the seagulls. The first one is about continuity and identification (the mother's house); the second and the third ones, the satin collar masking the unfinished hem, the medals relating to owing, illustrate a filiation based on want. Lastly, the memory of the seagulls synthesizes the light and the dark sides of the mother-daughter filiation, the daughter leaving her mother (rupture) to fulfill her mother's as well as her own dream of freedom (continuity).

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Ce mémoire porte sur l'image de la nature chez Gabrielle Roy, plus spécifiquement dans ses œuvres Alexandre Chenevert [1954], La Montagne secrète [1961] et Le Temps qui m'a manqué [1997]. Il cherche notamment à comprendre le rapport que les personnages entretiennent avec la nature - et son paysage -, cette dernière se présentant parfois comme une entité révélatrice. Cette étude vise donc à saisir dans quelles circonstances elle parvient à révéler le connu et l'inconnu de la vie aux protagonistes et à dégager les répercussions de ce nouveau savoir sur eux. C'est en s'appuyant notamment sur une approche phénoménologique du paysage (Michel Collot et Maurice Merleau-Ponty) et sur les récents travaux de chercheurs dans la sphère de l'écopoétique (Sara Buekens, Pierre Schoentjes et Julien Desrochers) que ce mémoire tentera de trouver une réponse à cette question. Le présent travail de recherche procède à l'analyse concomitante de trois personnages dans trois œuvres de Gabrielle Roy, souhaitant ainsi mettre en relief un même processus transfigurateur mis en branle par une herméneutique du paysage. / This master's thesis examines the image of nature in Gabrielle Roy's work, specifically in Alexandre Chenevert [1954], La Montagne secrète [1961] and Le Temps qui m'a manqué [1997]. More precisely, it seeks to understand the relationship that the characters have with nature - and its landscape -, the latter sometimes presenting itself as a revealing entity. This study therefore aims to grasp the circumstances in which it succeeds in revealing the known and the unknown of life to the protagonists and to identify the repercussions of this new knowledge on them. This master's thesis will attempt to answer this question by drawing on a phenomenological approach to landscape (Michel Collot and Maurice Merleau-Ponty) and on the recent work of researchers in the field of ecopoetics (Sara Buekens, Pierre Schoentjes and Julien Desrochers). The present research work proceeds to the concomitant analysis of three characters in three works of Gabrielle Roy, thus wishing to highlight the same transfiguring process set in motion by a landscape hermeneutic.

Ce mémoire porte sur l’image de la nature chez Gabrielle Roy, plus spécifiquement dans ses œuvres Alexandre Chenevert [1954], La Montagne secrète [1961] et Le Temps qui m’a manqué [1997]. Il cherche notamment à comprendre le rapport que les personnages entretiennent avec la nature – et son paysage –, cette dernière se présentant parfois comme une entité révélatrice. Cette étude vise donc à saisir dans quelles circonstances elle parvient à révéler le connu et l’inconnu de la vie aux protagonistes et à dégager les répercussions de ce nouveau savoir sur eux. C’est en s’appuyant notamment sur une approche phénoménologique du paysage (Michel Collot et Maurice Merleau-Ponty) et sur les récents travaux de chercheurs dans la sphère de l’écopoétique (Sara Buekens, Pierre Schoentjes et Julien Desrochers) que ce mémoire tentera de trouver une réponse à cette question. Le présent travail de recherche procède à l’analyse concomitante de trois personnages dans trois œuvres de Gabrielle Roy, souhaitant ainsi mettre en relief un même processus transfigurateur mis en branle par une herméneutique du paysage. / This master’s thesis examines the image of nature in Gabrielle Roy’s work, specifically in Alexandre Chenevert [1954], La Montagne secrète [1961] and Le Temps qui m’a manqué [1997]. More precisely, it seeks to understand the relationship that the characters have with nature – and its landscape –, the latter sometimes presenting itself as a revealing entity. This study therefore aims to grasp the circumstances in which it succeeds in revealing the knownand the unknown of life to the protagonists and to identify the repercussions of this newknowledge on them. This master’s thesis will attempt to answer this question by drawing ona phenomenological approach to landscape (Michel Collot and Maurice Merleau-Ponty) and on the recent work of researchers in the field of ecopoetics (Sara Buekens, Pierre Schoentjesand Julien Desrochers). The present research work proceeds to the concomitant analysis of three characters in three works of Gabrielle Roy, thus wishing to highlight the same transfiguring process set in motion by a landscape hermeneutic.

Within a southern African literary-historiographical milieu, the corpse of the First World War (1914-1918) either wanders in the ‘darkling’ woods or wades in the ice-mirrored sea of a sinister psychological landscape. The veld, with its moon, flowers, bowers, animals and sea, is a potent South African metaphysical conceit in which both the white and black corpse – the horrific waste product of war – is seemingly safely hidden within euphemistic shadows. However, these shades are metonymic and metaphorical offshoots of an Adamastorian nightmare, which has its inception in a nascent South African literary tradition. This thesis explores these literary-historiographical leftovers within the war poetry of both civilians and soldiers. Both ‘white’ and ‘black’ poetry is discussed in a similar context of dressing the corpse in meaning: a meaning that resides deep within the wound of loss. In tracing this blood spoor in the poetry a highly eclectic approach has been followed. As the title illustrates, both literary and historical approaches were used in analysing the effect of the Great War on the poetry, and by implication, on the society from which it sprung. It is, therefore, a cultural history as well as an intellectual subtext of wartorn South Africa that has been scrutinised, and is revealed in its poetic literature. Archival research and the scouring of individual volumes were the sources of the poems for this study. This is true especially with regards to the ‘white’ poetry, where very few examples of poetry have been published in secondary histories. Various anthologies and studies on ‘black’ poetry considerably lightened the search for war izibongo. A variety of literary theoretical approaches have been most useful in extracting the subtext of early 20th century South African history. The psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung’s collective unconscious have been most insightful. The poststructuralist theory of Julia Kristeva has cast more light on the recalcitrant corpse, the main waste product of war. David Lewis-Williams’s recent archaeological-anthropological approach has also been crucial in understanding the indigenous izibongo by putting forward Neuroscience as an explanation of the universally held neuropsychological hallucinatory poetic experience. Finally, war poetry in this thesis is seen as verse written by both soldiers and civilians as a response to the reality – or rather surreal unreality – of conflict, in an effort to come to terms with the abjection of both body and mind. Thea Harrington‘s manqué reading of Kristeva’s poststructuralist corpse is used as a referent for the abject, or loss thereof, that is to be found in the war poetry. Throughout the thesis, the term manqué is used to refer to the corpse as a fluid linguistic-psychological signifier saturated with loss. It is the manqué that has essentially remained hidden behind the various political histories of the war. / English Studies

Within a southern African literary-historiographical milieu, the corpse of the First World War (1914-1918) either wanders in the ‘darkling’ woods or wades in the ice-mirrored sea of a sinister psychological landscape. The veld, with its moon, flowers, bowers, animals and sea, is a potent South African metaphysical conceit in which both the white and black corpse – the horrific waste product of war – is seemingly safely hidden within euphemistic shadows. However, these shades are metonymic and metaphorical offshoots of an Adamastorian nightmare, which has its inception in a nascent South African literary tradition. This thesis explores these literary-historiographical leftovers within the war poetry of both civilians and soldiers. Both ‘white’ and ‘black’ poetry is discussed in a similar context of dressing the corpse in meaning: a meaning that resides deep within the wound of loss. In tracing this blood spoor in the poetry a highly eclectic approach has been followed. As the title illustrates, both literary and historical approaches were used in analysing the effect of the Great War on the poetry, and by implication, on the society from which it sprung. It is, therefore, a cultural history as well as an intellectual subtext of wartorn South Africa that has been scrutinised, and is revealed in its poetic literature. Archival research and the scouring of individual volumes were the sources of the poems for this study. This is true especially with regards to the ‘white’ poetry, where very few examples of poetry have been published in secondary histories. Various anthologies and studies on ‘black’ poetry considerably lightened the search for war izibongo. A variety of literary theoretical approaches have been most useful in extracting the subtext of early 20th century South African history. The psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung’s collective unconscious have been most insightful. The poststructuralist theory of Julia Kristeva has cast more light on the recalcitrant corpse, the main waste product of war. David Lewis-Williams’s recent archaeological-anthropological approach has also been crucial in understanding the indigenous izibongo by putting forward Neuroscience as an explanation of the universally held neuropsychological hallucinatory poetic experience. Finally, war poetry in this thesis is seen as verse written by both soldiers and civilians as a response to the reality – or rather surreal unreality – of conflict, in an effort to come to terms with the abjection of both body and mind. Thea Harrington‘s manqué reading of Kristeva’s poststructuralist corpse is used as a referent for the abject, or loss thereof, that is to be found in the war poetry. Throughout the thesis, the term manqué is used to refer to the corpse as a fluid linguistic-psychological signifier saturated with loss. It is the manqué that has essentially remained hidden behind the various political histories of the war. / English Studies