Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:02:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiegoLAC_DISSERT.pdf: 2534713 bytes, checksum: 03b88ab9e5892a0fca8b5b5ff0512692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-09 / The species Dasyatis marianae inhabits coastal areas associated with coral reefs, considered endemic to the northeast of Brazil, occurring from the State of Maranh?o to the south of Bahia. Specimens of this species are commonly sighted by divers and fishermen in the area of Maracaja? reefs, a complex reef that is part of the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (EPACR), which was developed in this study about the ecology and biology of the D. marianae, in order to characterize aspects of population structure in the area of the reef complex of Parracho de Maracaja?. We analyzed 120 specimens caught by artisanal fishing site of the size, weight, sex, stage of maturity and stomach contents. Most subjects were adult males (1.7:1) and was more abundant for rays with lengths between 25 and 29cm of LD, where females reach larger sizes, a feature common to other rays. The largest specimens were captured in the area of seagrass, which is preferred for the species. The distribution of species in the area showed an ontogenetic and sexual segregation, where the youthful occur near the beach, which is a likely area for nursery and growth of the adult females prevail in the seagrass, which apparently has a high prey availability, and Adult males are more distant, a higher proportion occurring in outlying areas, suggesting a habit more exploratory than the females. The evaluation of the reproductive system indicated 3 reproductive cycles per year, one young per pregnancy, and showed that the mature males were smaller than females. The cubs of D. marianae size at birth 12 to 15cm LD. As for diet, the species was characterized as carnivorous crustacean specialist. The performance of visual censuses in different localities allowed to evaluate the density of D. marianae in different environments of the complex. The species occurs in greater numbers in seagrass, environment very important for the conservation of the species. 100 individuals of D. marianae marked in reef complex area enrolled in a recapture rate of 3%. Some behavioral aspects were evaluated, as diurnal pattern of activity, interaction with cleaning and fish Pomacanthus paru followers as Lutjanus analis and Carangoides bartholomaei. Overall, much of the information obtained should be used for management of the species / A esp?cie Dasyatis marianae habita ?reas costeiras associadas a recifes de corais, sendo considerada end?mica para o nordeste do Brasil, ocorrendo desde o Estado do Maranh?o at? o sul da Bahia. Exemplares da esp?cie s?o comumente avistados por mergulhadores e pescadores na ?rea do Parracho de Maracaja?, um complexo recifal que faz parte da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental dos Recifes de Corais (APARC), onde foi desenvolvido o presente estudo, acerca da ecologia e biologia da D. marianae, com a finalidade de caracterizar aspectos da estrutura populacional na ?rea do complexo recifal do Parracho de Maracaja?. Foram analisados 120 exemplares capturados pela pesca artesanal local quanto ao tamanho, peso, sexo, est?gio de matura??o e conte?do estomacal. A maioria dos indiv?duos foram machos adultos (1,7:1) e a maior abund?ncia foi para raias com tamanhos entre 25 e 29cm de LD, onde as f?meas atingem maiores os tamanhos, caracter?stica comum a outras raias. Os exemplares de maior porte foram capturados na ?rea de faner?gamas, que ? preferencial para a esp?cie. A distribui??o da esp?cie na ?rea apresentou uma segrega??o sexual e ontogen?tica, onde os juvenis ocorrem pr?ximo ? praia, que ? uma prov?vel ?rea de ber??rio e crescimento destes, as f?meas adultas prevalecem nas faner?gamas, que aparentemente tem uma elevada disponibilidade de presas, e os machos adultos se distanciam mais, ocorrendo numa maior propor??o nas ?reas mais afastadas, sugerindo um h?bito mais explorat?rio quando comparado ?s f?meas. A avalia??o do sistema reprodutivo apontou 3 ciclos reprodutivos anuais, um filhote por gesta??o e mostrou que os machos maturam com menor tamanho que as f?meas. Os filhotes de D. marianae nascem com tamanho de 12 a 15cm de LD. Quanto ? dieta, a esp?cie foi caracterizada como carn?vora carcinof?gica especialista. A realiza??o de censos visuais em diferentes localidades permitiu avaliar a densidade de D. marianae nos ambientes distintos do complexo. A esp?cie ocorre em maior n?mero nas faner?gamas, ambiente muito importante para a conserva??o da esp?cie. De 100 indiv?duos de D. marianae marcados na ?rea do complexo recifal registrou-se uma taxa de recaptura de 3%. Alguns aspectos comportamentais foram avaliados, como padr?o de atividade diurna, intera??o de limpeza com Pomacanthus paru e peixes seguidores como Lutjanus analis e Carangoides bartholomaei. De forma geral, muitas das informa??es obtidas dever?o ser usadas para o manejo adequado da esp?cie

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IzabelMMS_DISSERT.pdf: 5861857 bytes, checksum: 79bb0912ed83687a1e7f40e3d441ee7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Coral bleaching has been increasingly the focus of research around the world since the early 1980s, when it was verified to be increasing in frequency, intensity and amount of areas affected. The phenomenon has been recorded since 1993, associated with elevation of the sea surface temperature due to El Ni?os and water thermal anomalies, according to most reports around the world. On the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, a mass coral bleaching event was recorded in the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (APARC) during March and April 2010, when the water temperature reached 34?C for several days. About 80% of the corals in Maracaja? reef-complex exhibited partial or total bleaching. The aims of this study were to verify representativeness of coral coverage and how the bleaching dynamic has developed among different species. Coral coverage was estimated according to Reef Check Brazil protocol associated with quadrant method, and bleaching was evaluated from biweekly visual surveys in 80 colonies of Favia gravida, Porites astreoides, Siderastrea stellata and Millepora alcicornis. At the same time temperature, pH, salinity and horizontal transparency, as well as mortality and disease occurrence were monitored. Analysis of variance and Multiple Regression from the perspective of time lag concept were used to evaluate the bleaching dynamics among species and the relationship between variation of means of bleaching and variations of abiotic parameters, respectively. Species showed significant differences among themselves as to variation of means of bleaching over time, but the dynamic of variation exhibited similar patterns / O branqueamento de corais tem sido o foco de um n?mero crescente de estudos desde a d?cada de 1980 quando foi verificado o aumento na frequ?ncia, intensidade e n?mero de ?reas atingidas. No Brasil o fen?meno tem sido registrado desde 1993, associado ? eleva??o da temperatura das ?guas superficiais do mar decorrente de eventos de El-Ni?os e anomalias t?rmicas, conforme a maioria dos relatos em todo o mundo. No litoral do Rio Grande do Norte registrou-se branqueamento em massa de corais nos recifes da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental dos Recifes de Corais (APARC) em Mar?o e Abril de 2010, quando a temperatura da ?gua atingiu valor de 34?C durante v?rios dias. Cerca de 80% dos corais do complexo recifal de Maracaja? exibiram branqueamento parcial ou total. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar qual a representatividade do recobrimento de corais no Parracho de Maracaja? e como a din?mica de branqueamento se desenvolve entre as esp?cies. A cobertura de corais foi estimada de acordo com o protocolo Reef Check Brasil associado ao m?todo de quadrado, e o branqueamento foi avaliado a partir de censos visuais quinzenais em 80 col?nias de Favia gravida, Porites astreoides, Siderastrea stellata e Millepora alcicornis. Ao mesmo tempo foram monitorados a temperatura da ?gua, pH, salinidade e transpar?ncia horizontal, e a ocorr?ncia de mortalidade e sintomas de doen?as. Foram utilizadas a An?lise de Vari?ncia e a Regress?o M?ltipla sob a perspectiva do conceito do time lag para avaliar a din?mica de branqueamento entre as esp?cies e a rela??o da varia??o das m?dias com a varia??o dos fatores abi?ticos, respectivamente. As esp?cies apresentaram diferen?a significativa entre si quanto ? varia??o das m?dias de branqueamento ao longo do tempo, mas a din?mica de varia??o exibiu padr?es semelhantes