Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: [78]-83)

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During the Norwegian North Polar Expedition of 1893-96, the historie voyage of the Fram ( Sars, G.O. 1900), the first zooplankton collections were taken from the Arctic Basin. In 1931 the Nautilus made collections north of Spitzbergen, being the first submarine to attempt polar research (Farran, 1936). [...]

Univ., Diss.--Sydney. / Literaturverz. S. [237] - 268.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-107). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2018. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references. / Nutrients and trace metals are vital for supporting life in the ocean, but the boundary processes that control the distributions of these elements are poorly constrained. Radium isotopes are well suited to studying inputs of elements from ocean margins because they are produced in sediments and soluble in seawater. The half-lives of the four isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 226Ra) range from days to thousands of years, thus these isotopes can be used to study oceanographic processes occurring over a range of time scales. In this thesis I have applied the quartet of radium isotopes to investigate boundary inputs, including seafloor hydrothermal vents, continental shelves, and rivers. First, radium isotope ratios were used to constrain the age of hydrothermal plumes emanating from vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise. These radium-derived ages were applied to determine the iron residence time in the Pacific plume that emanates from near 15°S, providing an important constraint on the hydrothermal delivery of iron to the deep ocean. Next, 228Ra was used to show that shelf inputs to the Arctic Ocean have increased over the last decade, implying that the fluxes of other shelf-derived materials are also increasing and could impact primary production in this basin. The ratio of 228Ra and 226Ra was also applied to determine the ventilation time of Arctic intermediate waters with respect to shelf inputs, and the first measurements of 226Ra in the deep Canada Basin were used to estimate the residence time of deep waters with respect to benthic sediment inputs. Finally, a study of the Mackenzie River Estuary illustrated the importance of deltaic and estuarine processing on the ultimate delivery of nutrients, trace metals, dissolved organic matter, and radium to the Arctic Ocean. By applying radium isotopes as tracers of boundary inputs in these diverse environments, the work presented in this thesis improves our understanding of nutrient and trace metal inputs to the coastal and open ocean. / by Lauren Elizabeth Kipp. / Ph. D.

La place des activités de recherche scientifique dans les dynamiques économiques, et en particulier leurs liens avec les entreprises et les territoires, ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études depuis les années 1990, et ont donné lieu à une littérature abondante. Après un travail de synthèse et de mise en perspective de l’ensemble de ces travaux, cette thèse se propose de contribuer à l’analyse du rôle de la recherche dans le développement économique des territoires, en se focalisant sur le territoire local. Notre réflexion se fonde sur un double cas d’étude, à la fois thématique et géographique : le cas des sciences de la mer, avec comme support les territoires de Brest et de la Bretagne occidentale (France). Trois types de méthodes sont mis en oeuvre. Tout d’abord, afin de caractériser le champ de la recherche marine, la production scientifique dans ce domaine est analysée à l’échelle mondiale. Cette étape met en évidence l’inscription de ce champ dans des réalités institutionnelles et territoriales : celles d’ensembles scientifiques localisés, voire dans certains cas de systèmes locaux de recherche. Ensuite, les retombées économiques liées à la dépense localisée de l’activité de recherche sont estimées, à l’aide principalement d’une modélisation entrées-sorties adaptée aux échelles régionales et locales. Si les résultats révèlent le caractère relativement limité de ces retombées dans notre cas d’étude, ils font aussi apparaître le potentiel significatif de l’activité de recherche en termes de multiplicateurs de production, de valeur ajoutée et d’emploi. Enfin, sont appréhendés les effets de la recherche sur les acteurs de l’offre, soit des effets de type « transferts de connaissance ». Une enquête comparative est menée sur deux territoires : Brest et Bergen (Norvège). Plusieurs facteurs, à la fois endogènes et exogènes aux institutions scientifiques, apparaissent déterminants dans le niveau et la qualité de ces transferts au sens large : en particulier le degré d’adéquation entre les recherches menées et les activités économiques présentes localement. Une forte hétérogénéité dans la diffusion de ces effets, à la fois disciplinaire, sectorielle et spatiale est également observée. L’ensemble des résultats apporte un éclairage singulier et novateur sur l’intégration potentielle de l’activité de recherche dans une stratégie de développement territorial. / The place of scientific research activities in the economic dynamics, especially their links with enterprises and territories have been studied largely since the 1990s, and have produced extensive literature. After first synthesizing and putting those studies into perspective, this thesis intends to contribute to the analysis of the role of this research in the economic development of territories, focusing on the local territory. Our reflexion is based on a double case study, both thematic and geographical: the field of marine sciences, with the territories of Brest and Western Brittany (France) as a baseline case. Three types of methods are implemented. First, to characterize the field of marine research, scientific production in that field is analyzed on a global scale. This step highlights the inclusion of this field in the institutional and territorial realities: locally based scientific entities, and even in some cases whole local research systems. Then, the economic benefits related to the localized spending of the research activity are estimated, mainly using an input-output modeling adapted to the regional and local scales. If the results do reveal the relatively limited nature of these benefits in our case study, they also reveal the good potential of the research activity in terms of outputs multipliers, added value and employment. Finally, the impacts of research on supply actors are grasped, namely "knowledge transfer" types of effects. A comparative survey is conducted on two territories: Brest and Bergen (Norway). Several factors, both internal and external to scientific institutions, appear to be decisive in the level and quality of such transfers at large: more specifically, the extent to which the research conducted locally and the locally existing economic activities match. A strong heterogeneity in the distribution of those effects – disciplinary, sectorial and spatial – can also be observed. Overall, the results shed singular and innovative light on the potential integration of the research activity in a territorial development strategy.

The purpose of Oregon's Nearshore Research Inventory (NRI) project was to inventory and map the current and future use of Oregon's nearshore environment by the scientific research community for use in Oregon's marine spatial planning process. Spatial and qualitative data on the use of Oregon's ocean and coast by the scientific research community was collected using ethnographic research methods, including the geographic distribution of research, the people who are conducting scientific research, timeline for scientific research, and more. Through the NRI project, Oregon's Territorial Sea amendment process became the first marine spatial planning process in the world, other than through ocean zoning (e.g. Australia's Great Barrier Reef and China), to comprehensively recognize the scientific community as a stakeholder. This thesis contains the methods used to create the NRI database, interview the scientific community, and includes future recommendations for managers and the scientific community based on the results of the NRI. As new uses, such as wave energy extraction, get proposed along coastlines and in the ocean, marine spatial planning (MSP) can be a tool to reduce conflict and find compatible uses of ocean and coastal space. Sound science needs to be used to understand social, ecological, and economic components to ocean and coastal resources and make tradeoff decisions about ocean and coastal space use in the MSP process. The results of the NRI project demonstrate the need to recognize that the scientific research community as a stakeholder in the MSP process. Their use of ocean and coastal space helps provide the sound scientific information that is needed to make ecosystem-based management decisions. Interruptions in long-term scientific research and monitoring could limit the availability of scientific information for use in future management decisions. There are also other values to comprehensively inventorying use of the ocean and coast by the scientific community. Spatial data about where people conduct scientific research provides information for potential collaboration amongst the scientific community and between scientists and non-scientists. It also identifies data gaps, which can then be filled to help have a more comprehensive understanding of ocean and coastal issues. The NRI can act as a template for other states to include the scientific community as a stakeholder in a MSP process, and as a template for a regional inventory of scientific research which can be useful for ecosystem based approaches to management. Overall, there should be value placed on sound scientific information for management decisions and the scientific community as a stakeholder in the marine spatial planning process, as demonstrated through the NRI. / Graduation date: 2013

The Cal Poly Pier (Pier) Master/Facility Plan (FP) document provides the vision of the future for the Pier, a marine science research facility. The Plan facilitates project development and management of the Pier while meeting university and department research goals. Specifically, the FP document establishes goals and strategies to direct long-term development of the Pier, streamlines agency approval and permit requirements, provides context for pier management, and assists the permitting process for future development as it relates to regulatory permits and programmatic growth on the Cal Poly Pier to help meet goals of the Center for Coastal Marine Sciences (CCMS). The Cal Poly Pier is the marine field station for the California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) CCMS and is one of several facilities that supports research and educational activities. The CCMS is a CSU Campus Center research organization that provides research and education activities as a part of Cal Poly’s overall mission while offering opportunities to interested parties beyond Cal Poly, such as private and public entities. The 3,057-foot long pier provides students, faculty, researchers, and other users unrivaled access to the marine environment of the Central Coast and fosters hands-on learning opportunities to progress marine research and science. The Master Plan name was changed to Facility Plan to streamline the plan approval process and to minimize the potential for errors.