Globalization refers to the reduction of economic, cultural and social differences among different regions. It describes the process of these regional aspects to become integrated through the advancement of transportation, communication and trade. The goal is to form a more unify entity through exchange, interaction and interdependence between each nations without being limited by the distances. Under the globalization influences, the world¡¦s marine affairs has been in focusing on the peaceful coexistence and sustainable development of the sea. A single country is no longer independent off the development and activities around the sea without join cooperation at regional territory or with the world, especially the nontraditional maritime security. Nations have been dealing with these problems through international convention, regional conventions and multilateral agreements. The present work carried out a comparative analysis with regard to the recent development of marine affairs between China and Taiwan. The research has perceived to examine the differences of policy, legal system and institutional management, and enforcement that exist at the cross-strait. The main focus is to identify the feasible issues for cooperation in order to breaking the dead lock among the cross-strait maritime affairs. There are problems of direct talk without communication platform and appropriate mechanism at the both sides of cross-strait. In addition, both sides have different focus on policy, legal systems, management, and enforcement compare to international trends. As a result, the differences cause the difficulties for the integration between the cross-strait on the sustainable development, maritime safety, cooperation development, and peaceful coexistence. This thesis conclude that the cross-strait could resolve the issue through proper communication platform and cooperation mechanism to deal with the low political sensitivity issues such as the marine affairs, by implementing a cross talk on a regular basis , and lead to the signing of the agreement for marine affairs at least for the short term. In the long run, the cross-strait shall create a legal system abided by both sides, where it meets with the international framework. For this it is imperative to establish the marine affair department responsible for integrating the marine management between the cross-strait. The research survey provides the key issues and suggestions that the cross-strait can precede a radical improvement in marine affairs and improve practical cooperation without causing serious dispute or disagreement.

A risk assessment model (MAcRisk) have been developed to forecast the probability and the risk of maritime accidents on Bosphorus. Accident archives of Undersecretariat Maritime Affairs Search and Rescue Department, weather conditions data of Turkish State Meteorological Service and bathymetry and current maps of Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography have been used to prepare the model input and to forecast the accident probability. Accident data has been compiled according to stated sub-regions on Bosphorus and event type of accidents such as collision, grounding, capsizing, fire and other. All data that could be obtained are used to clarify the relationship on accident reasons. An artificial neural network model has been developed to forecast the maritime accidents in Bosphorus.

Proefschrift--Utrecht. / "Stellingen": leaf inserted. Bibliography: p. [205].

Archaeological research at Harbour Island, Bahamas, was designed to help explore and develop the concept of maritimity, or identity grounded in perceived (or imagined) shared traits deriving from a community’s relationship with the maritime environment. Maritimity can best be identified by using three broad and overlapping categories of Landscape, Maritime Resources and Maritime Material Culture. Historical documents and maritime cultural landscape elements establish the maritimity of Harbour Island in the context of these categories. Artifacts, procured through archaeological survey of nine properties inhabited since at least the eighteenth century, are analyzed to investigate whether there any notable differences in the archaeological assemblages of maritime communities that indicate maritimity. Analysis relies on Stanley South's artifact classification system and his Carolina Artifact pattern. The nine properties are compared among themselves as well as with four other sites from the western British Atlantic region. Comparisons between the Harbour Island sites reveal a strong homogeneity of ceramic types at all households and a low representation of personal and clothing artifacts that indicate the relative poverty of the community. Maritime activities are not strongly represented in the archaeological record. When compared to four other sites from Jamaica, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Delaware, the assemblage from the Harbour Island community is relatively comparable to other sites influenced by British colonial culture. Although the domestic artifacts contain little maritime material culture, the development of the island's built environment demonstrates maritimity in both the categories of Landscape and Maritime Material Culture. Faunal remains from Harbour Island, consisting primarily of fish and shellfish, provide archaeological evidence of the importance of the Maritime Resources category. Only when the evidence from all three categories of maritimity is considered together can Harbour Island be identified archaeologically as a community that strongly identified with both the maritime environment and the dominant British Colonial Atlantic culture.

This thesis examines the efficiency of the price discovery mechanism in small regional markets utilizing the feed grain markets in the Maritime Provinces of Canada as a case study. Through the application of the Law of One Price (LOP), price transmission symmetry and Vector Error Correction Models (VEC), the author determined the price relationships that exist between the feed grain market in the Maritime Provinces and those in Western and Central Canada as external sources of supply. / The results suggest that there exists a relatively high degree of arbitrage between Maritime feed grain prices and those of Thunder Bay or Chatham for equivalent quality, price transmission being strictly from West to East. Although the LOP hypothesis must be rejected in the short run, in most cases, it was found to hold in the long run. Local markets appear to be highly integrated and price adjustment occurs within a period of four to six weeks, generally corresponding to the lead time of feed grain orders and transportation from Western Canada. A price transmission analysis found no evidence of the exercise of market power in the pricing of local grain. / In general, the pricing of local grains in the Maritimes may be judged as efficient considering that the lag in price response corresponds to the replacement period for Western grains.

The Sea Transport Documents Act, 65 of 2000, was a remedial statute intended to provide a solution to the problem of title to sue under the contract of carriage evidenced by sea transport documents. At common law a contract of carriage is not transferable. The contract of carriage is ordinarily concluded between the shipper and the carrier. The consignee lacks title to sue yet in terms of international sale contracts on C.I.F and F.O.B terms the consignee would be the person who stood to suffer the loss as risk in the goods passes from seller to buyer when the goods are loaded on board at the port of shipment. The Act provides a mechanism to transfer the contractual rights and liabilities with the transfer of the sea transport document. However section 2(2) restricts the application of the relevant provisions to documents that are ‘transferable or negotiable’. By custom of merchants bills of lading made out ‘to order’, and bearer bills of lading, are transferable and negotiable. However, straight bills of lading and sea waybills are made out to a named consignee only. These modern forms of sea transport document are increasingly popular and offer many advantages to traders and ocean carriers. Yet they are both regarded as non-negotiable. The dissertation examines the interpretation of the terms ‘transferable’ and ‘negotiable’ as they came to be applied to both negotiable instruments and bills of lading, and considers current academic and judicial opinion on the meaning of these terms. The provisions of the Sea Transport Documents Act are analysed, and compared to the remedies provided in the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1992 (United Kingdom), similar legislation in other commonwealth countries and the law in the United States and Europe. Finally alternative means of establishing title to sue, including the stipulatio alteri, are considered. / Theses (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

This dissertation addresses the question of liability for oil spills emanating from offshore installations, beginning with an analysis of international law, specifically international customary law, global conventions and regional agreements. Following the analysis of the present international law, a number of proposals are considered in motivation of a global convention specifically addressing offshore platforms. Key areas addressed are the scope of the proposed convention, the standard of liability imposed, the quantum of liability suggested, financial security measures, dispute resolution proceedings and alternatives to a global convention. Legal instruments discussed in this portion include the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution and a number of global and regional legal instruments. This discussion will also draw analogies with the nuclear compensation regime in motivation for strict liability between States. The domestic legal framework of the United States of America and South Africa are discussed and contrasted. The primary federal marine pollution legislation of the USA, the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, is compared to South Africa’s Marine Pollution (Control and Civil Liability) Act 6 of 1981 in order to determine which provisions are successful and which ought to be amended or supplemented. Other sources of South Africa law considered include the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998, the Maritime Zones Act 15 of 1994, the Admiralty Jurisdiction and Regulation Act 105 of 1983 as well principles of South African common law. The objectives of this research are to identify all the international and domestic legal instruments that are applicable to offshore platforms, critically evaluate their provisions and propose realistic amendments and instruments that resolve any lacunae or weaknesses that are identified. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

The United States is a nation founded upon a maritime heritage that allowed for the early colonies to form, trade, expand their frontiers and defend themselves. The material remains of this legacy are dispersed across the continent in inland waters, along coasts, and in the depths of the sea. This dissertation aims at presenting a structural overview and assessment of efforts designed at preserving, enhancing, and learning from the material remains of this maritime heritage. The study reviews national and state laws and regulations that apply to such resources, which together create a mosaic of preservation mandates. Discussion of the legal framework is enhanced through incorporation of current issues and examples, and leads to a better understanding of the research element of the study based on a maritime heritage questionnaire distributed to over 100 organizations nationwide. The maritime heritage questionnaire serves as the fundamental original research component of the dissertation, and through it this overview incorporates input from organizations in the public sector, universities, museums, non-profit organizations, avocational groups, and cultural resource management firms. These diverse perspectives offer insights into the current state of the field, identify legislative or other gaps, and suggest areas where efforts need to be redoubled in order to preserve the nation's tangible connection with its maritime past. Together, the legislative overview and professional stakeholder input lead to a set of proposals through which the preservation of the nation's submerged and coastal maritime heritage resources can be enhanced.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 317-342.

Thèse. Droit. Paris. 1933.