Thesis (M.Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-xx) Also available in print.

Sverige är ett av de länderna som har haft en väldigt kraftig uppgång på bostadspriserna de senaste åren enligt Statistiska centralbyråns (SCB) siffror. Utvecklingen har inte endast påverkat huvudstaden utan även andra städer i landet. Faktorerna bakom prisuppgången må vara många men studiens syfte är att uppskatta sambandet mellan bestämningsfaktorerna: befolkningstäthet, förvärvsinkomst, nyproducerade bostadsrätter i förhållande till folkmängd, bolåneränta samt arbetslöshet med bostadsrättspriserna. Fokus kommer ligga på storstadsregionerna Stor-Stockholm, Stor-Göteborg och Stor-Malmö mellan år 2008-2016. Bostadspriserna analyseras ur ett grundläggande nationalekonomiskt perspektiv och undersökningen har formats med hänsyn till det statistiska materialet som funnits åtkomligt, för att testas med hjälp av paneldata där fixed effect har innefattas. Studien omfattar 45 kommuner med en tidsperiod på 9 år och mängden observationer uppgår till 405, där datamaterialet bedöms vara komplett utan några bortfall under tidsperioden, det vill säga balanserad. Studiens resultat visar ett positivt samband mellan befolkningstäthet och bostadsrättspriserna, en ökning med en invånare per ökar bostadspriserna med 15,8 kr per kvm, såvida de andra variablerna hålls konstanta (modell 7). Regressionresultatet visar på att befolkningstätheten är den faktor som har den främsta påverkan på bostadsrättspriserna i jämförelse med studiens övriga faktorer. Resultatet påvisar även ett positivt samband mellan förvärvsinkomst och bostadspriserna samt ett negativt samband mellan faktorerna arbetslöshet och ränta på bostadsrättspriserna i samtliga modeller. Däremot visar nyproduktionen ett oväntat resultat. Studien skall bland annat bidra till en ökad förståelse för sambandet mellan de utvalda bestämningsfaktorerna och dess inverkan på bostadspriserna. Vidare är studiens källor tillförlitliga och har en stark validitet som ger en ökad förståelse för sambandet. / Sweden is one of the countries that has had a very strong increase in the housing prices during the recent years according to SCB’s calculations. The development has not only been seen in Stockholm but it has also affected the smaller cities as well. The factors behind the massive price increases may be many, but the purpose of the essay has been to estimate the relationship between the factors: population density, income, new constructed condominiums in relation to the population, interest rate and unemployment have on condominiums rates. The main focus will lay on the following big cities, Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö from the years of 2008-2016. The housing prices will be analyzed from an economic perspective. Further, the study has been formed by the statistical material that has been accessible and then been tested using panel data that includes fixed effect. The study encompasses 45 municipalities with a time period of 9 years (2008-2016) which comprises to 405 observations, where the data is strongly balanced, meaning that the database is complete. The result of the essay shows a positive correlation between population density and housing prices, an increase of one inhabitant per increases housing prices by 15.8 kr per square meter, if all the other variables are hold constant (model 7). The regression results indicate that population density is the factor that has the main impact on housing prices in comparison to all other factors. The results also shows a positive correlation between income and housing prices, as well as a negative correlation between the factors unemployment and the interest rate on housing prices in all models. On the other hand, new production shows an unexpected result. Furthermore, the essay considered to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the selected factors and its impact on the housing prices in Sweden's three largest cities, Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö during the period 2008-2016.

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There has been an endless discussion on the efficient-market hypothesis between different academic schools. Many recent studies have opened up towards the paradigm shift in rational thinking problem. This thesis deals with the issue of asymmetric information interpretation during altered mental states. The purpose of this study is to discover the effect on agent's behaviour using a practical tool such as a daily trade plan. If traders succumb to irrationality, they probably make poor choices below their potential levels. Therefore the experiment was conducted with students of FM VŠE. The variables were measured before and after the intervention which was applying the trade plan. The additional data collection mapped the personal context of self-reflection and management of well-being. The results indicate the advantage of using the daily trade plan for manipulating the factors that can negatively influence the quality of decision-making.

Market efficiency, based on people acting rationally, has been the dominating finance theory for most of the 20th and 21st Century’s. This classical finance theory is based on assumptions that people are rational, they absorb all available information and maximise utility. This view is outdated; it has been shown that people are in fact irrational and that this could be the cause of anomalies in the market. Behavioural finance takes into account people, and their natural biases. Behavioural finance has integrated classical financial theories and psychological theories to illustrate the way in which irrational people can impact market efficiency. This research looks at the way collective investment scheme manager decision-making can impact market efficiency. Specifically the behavioural biases: overconfidence, over optimism, loss aversion and frame dependence and whether or not collective investment scheme performance is affected by these. This research was carried out using a questionnaire distributed directly to CIS managers and risk-adjusted returns were used in order to allow for comparative results. The results from the questionnaire show evidence that actively managing South African CIS managers do indeed suffer from overconfidence and loss aversion and they do not appear to suffer from frame dependence or over optimism in this research context. There was also evidence showing that managers who suffer from these biases also demonstrated lower investment returns. “The investor’s chief problem, and even his worst enemy, is likely to be himself.” - Benjamin Graham

This thesis deals with the description and testing of the capital market models. It consists of an analysis of the most famous models such as the CAPM, the three-factor Fama-French model, the four-factor Fama-French-Carhart model and an alternative multi-factor model that includes the current relevant risk factors. In the first part, one can find the introduction to the capital market theory that is essential for the definition of model assumptions. The second part is dedicated to the description and construction of the models in reference to the relevant research papers. The last part of this thesis contains the regression model estimates, taking into account the data set of the fifteen most profitable IT companies. A portfolio of these firms is expected to exhibit a positive and statistically significant alpha. Daily portfolio returns in the period 1990 -- 2014 are regressed on risk factors of particular models. The aim of this thesis is to test whether the capital market models are valid for the long-term portfolio returns composed of the selected shares.

The purpose of the study is to empirically determine the relevance of PPP theory under the traditional arbitrage and the efficient markets (EPPP) frameworks during the recent floating period of the 1980s. Monthly data was collected for fifteen industrial nations from January 1980 to December 1986. The models tested included the short-run PPP, the long-run PPP, the EPPP, the EPPP with deviations from expectations, the forward rates as unbiased estimators of future spot rates, the EPPP and the forward rates, and the EPPP with forward rates and lagged values. A generalized regression method called Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) was employed to test the models. The results support the efficient markets approach to PPP but fail to support the traditional PPP in both the short term and the long term. Moreover, the forward rates are poor and biased predictors of the future spot rates. The random walk hypothesis is generally supported.

01 Abstract Betting on sporting events can be perceived by the general public as a game of chance. In the professional literature, however, betting on football matches is treated in the same way as other financial markets, where in the event of a violation of the theory of efficient markets due to the occurrence of inefficiency, there are opportunities for investors to obtain abnormal returns. The main goal of this work is to create a model capable of predicting the results of football matches on the basis of historical data better than bookmakers are able to do and test the effectiveness of the Czech betting market for football matches of the Czech highest football league. The first part of the thesis contains a more detailed presentation of the theory of efficient markets, a comparison of financial and betting markets and sources of possible inefficiency in betting markets. The second and third parts present data, models and their possible modification to increase the accuracy of estimates. The fourth part describes the results of testing individual models and subsequent simulations of betting strategies. The fifth part contains a conclusion and discussion of the results, including an indication of possible alternatives to follow-up research. The results of simulations of betting strategies confirm...

This thesis investigates the price discovery process between the stock and the credit default swap market (CDS). We link the financial theory of efficient markets and the underlying models and conditions involved in CDSs, the stock market and financial crashes. This study uses publicly listed firms and the European market CDS series to construct a matched stock portfolio and uses financial data collected between the years 2019 to 2021. The purpose is to better understand the price discovery process during a potential new type of crisis in modern financial history. It could potentially allow portfolio managers, traders, arbitrageurs and stakeholders who monitor systematic indices to gauge the level of risk in the overall economy. It can also better inform regulators about how the CDS and the stock market reacted to each other during the COVID-19 pandemic. This deductive and quantitative research is based on secondary data gathered from the Eikon financial database. It uses a vector autoregressive model to test a hypothesis regarding the price discovery process between the stock and CDS portfolios.  Our results show that when using only the variables for the CDS and stock market, both variables cause each other, which is to say a feedback effect is present between the CDS Europe index and the matched portfolio of stocks. When adding the three control variables, the stock variable no longer causes the CDS variable, while the CDS variable still causes the stock variable. We conclude that the European credit default swap index leads the matched portfolio of stocks in the price discovery process with our chosen variables.

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