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This study is concerned with the management of marketing information flows. The problem of information management has been precipitated by such factors as improvements in information-handling technology and hardware, the 'information explosion' from sources within the economic, social and political sectors, the increasing complexity of business systems, the emergence of the 'marketing planning' concept, and the shortcomings of traditional marketing research. This problem was then viewed from a systems perspective. A conceptual framework for managing information flows was developed from a systems analysis of the marketing process. The use of a module framework led to the consideration of a formalized information system within the company's organizational structure. Theoretically, a marketing information system would collect, process, analyse and disseminate timely and pertinent information. This theoretical framework was supplemented by a case study of a company actively engaged in the application of information system services to marketing management. The conclusions, albeit limited to this one case study, attempted to highlight what are suggested as significant pointers for marketing information system development. Generally, the conclusions show that while the practice tended to support the theory in broad principles, the actual operating principles of an information system would reflect the peculiar needs, advantages and constraints of the company. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

<p> The problem addressed was the losses incurred by organizations and individuals that resulted from computer and/or network security incidents originating from within or outside an organization. Although research has shown biometrics to be a reliable mechanism in the protection of data through authorization access, critics in opposition of biometric use profess that increased personal and financial security increases the loss of individual privacy. The acceptance and adoption of biometric based security devices has created a dichotomy between those individuals that demand increased security measures with those that fear the collection of personal data could cause them personal harm. This study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) to include the demographic variables age, gender, and geographic residence to investigate if individual differences determine if a relationship exists between those characteristics and their perceived need for personal security and individual privacy. Previous research has shown that an individual with a strong need for security and privacy is more willing to adopt biometric technology in the protection of their personal data or self. The knowledge gained from this study addresses the challenges for a successful deployment of biometrics in the prevention of unauthorized access and the future marketing of security devices. The results from the study indicated that there is a relationship between an individual's age and their perceived need of security and perceived need for privacy. The addition of different demographic variables is recommended for future research. The addition of the demographic attributes as extended variables to TAM provides acumen in the study of end-user adoption of biometric technology and its diffusion into the marketplace.</p>

<p> Mobile marketing is a marketing technique which uses established systems that give businesses the ability to communicate directly with customers through smartphones or other mobile devices. Small businesses lack experience in developing and using mobile marketing strategies to increase sales. The fundamental idea of mobile marketing is to improve the business marketing performance to maximize profits. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore how five small business marketers successfully created and implemented mobile marketing strategies to increase brand awareness and sales. The research focused on successful, small, independent businesses that have successfully used mobile marketing. This study is motivated by two research questions: (1) How are successful mobile marketing strategies created to increase brand awareness and sales? (2) How is mobile marketing used in the small business marketing communication mix? Participants were the primary people in charge of creating and implementing mobile marketing strategies for the small businesses. Data was obtained from semi-structured interviews with small business marketers, collection of mobile marketing documents, observation of mobile marketing processes and mobile marketing platforms. The six themes that emerged were: thinking strategically, identifying mobile channels for consumer engagement, analyzing the purpose of mobile marketing, developing mobile marketing objectives, evaluating the use of SMS/MMS, and measuring the value of mobile marketing strategies. The findings of this study may help small business marketers gain insight into planning and implementation of mobile marketing strategies that can be used to influence consumer acceptance and use of mobile marketing. Also, understanding how mobile channels are used in the sales funnel, from the initial contact, to the final purchase, and measuring the value of mobile marketing strategies may help marketers create and implement the strategies needed to increase brand awareness and sales.</p><p>

In the late 1980s, companies in a wide variety of industries began to implement segmented marketing strategies using database marketing (DBM) systems. Several surveys noted that some organisations were developing sophisticated DBM systems to achieve competitive advantage, while others, in similar marketplaces, seemed unable, or unwilling, to exploit the potential benefits of these powerful systems. Alternatively, evidence from industrial reports suggested that most companies were failing to fully exploit the capabilities oftheir systems. Hence, this research was designed to determine the factors affecting levels of sophistication in database marketing (DBM) systems. First, theories from marketing and information systems were synthesised to develop a generic model of DBM systems. Next, notions about the sources of competitive advantage were reviewed to identify potential factors promoting the development of sophisticated DBM systems. This review resulted in four such factors being hypothesised: market orientation as a specific organisation culture, database size (i.e. number of customers) as a key resource, locus of control of the senior marketing manager as an important individual characteristic, and the difference between consumer and business markets as a factor in firms' external environment. Empirical data were collected from two random samples of senior marketing managers in US catalogue companies using postal surveys. Data from the first sample (36 observations) were used to develop a valid and reliable construct to measure the level of sophistication in DBM systems. Further data were collected from a second random sample using two further postal surveys (69 observations), which confirmed and replicated the results obtained from the first sample. Overall, the research findings show that the development of sophisticated DBM systems is positively associated with two factors: market orientation of organisation culture, and database size. The other two factors - locus of control and type of market - failed to show any association with the level of sophistication in DBM systems. Further data analyses revealed a strong association between the elements of sophisticated OBM systems and marketing notions of sources of competitive advantage.

<p> The widespread adoption of smartphone technology in the contemporary United States requires critical reflection on its role within society. This thesis compares the way Apple's television advertising discourse, from 2007 to 2011, frames the iPhone to consumers with the way Apple's iAd promotional material frames the iPhone to advertisers, and considers what the disparity between these two frameworks says about the still-evolving role of smartphone technology in society. It argues that the disparity between these two frameworks is indicative of a fundamental tension within smartphone technology. This tension is reflected in Apple's ability to discursively construct the iPhone as a tool of user empowerment, while at the same time discursively constructing the iPhone as a sophisticated market research and advertising platform. This study shows that user agency is complicated by the iPhone's technical design which produces information about the user in an effort to modify their behavior for commercial purposes.</p>

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2007.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4501. Adviser: Bruce E. Wicks. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-158) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

<p> Global online retail sales are on the rise and are predicted to experience a double digit growth annually over the next three years. Given little marginal cost involved in adding new products and brands to their catalogues, online retailers tend to increase product and brand offerings to increase sales by selling products that could not have been sold due to space constraints in physical stores. Frank Urbanowski, Director of MIT Press, attributed the 12% increase in sales of backlist titles directly to increased accessibility to these titles through the Internet. For consumers, the ability to buy products that they would not have otherwise bought increases their consumer surplus. </p><p> Despite preferring a large assortment of products in online retail stores due to product variety and diversity in brand choices, this poses a problem to consumers as the number of alternatives and attributes reduces their confidence in the selection of a product to purchase; product comparison and evaluation also becomes a difficult task. Thus, an online retail store that does not facilitate easy product information search, comparison, and evaluation would cause consumers to make poor purchase decisions. In this thesis, I investigate how the design parameters of online stores such as the presentation of product information, product comparisons, consumer reviews, and recommendations influence consumers' information seeking and decision making process. </p><p> Specifically, the objectives of this thesis are to learn the individual and joint effects of such design parameters on the effort that consumers expend in the shopping process, quality of their purchase decisions, and their satisfaction with the shopping experience. A controlled experiment was conducted online using six variants of an online retail store to understand the effects of such design features. While the result was modest, the study found that presentation of information that allows consumers to have a preview of the subsequent page after clicking on a link has moderate effect on consumer's physical and cognitive effort in seeking product information, the purchase decision they made, and their satisfaction with an online store.</p>

O ritmo acentuado e a magnitude das mudanças desafiam a estabilidade em diversos setores da economia, sem indícios que o mundo amanhã será menos instável e complicado. Por isso, as informações acerca do que se conhece hoje já não são suficientes para que se tome uma boa decisão: os gestores precisam antever, de modo sistemático, o que irá acontecer para que possam administrar os efeitos da mudança ou, se possível, antecipá-los, construindo assim o futuro e não somente respondendo a ele quando este mudar. Desde o surgimento dos estudos do futuro no meio empresarial na década de 1970, houve um crescimento da utilização dos cenários. Tal crescimento não afastou, contudo, discussões que abordassem a sua real contribuição, apoiadas principalmente nas seguintes idéias: muitas previsões feitas não se tinham concretizado, eventos inesperados alteram o que se conhece; e eventos acontecem aleatoriamente. Porém, tais idéias foram contestadas considerando que não é possível saber se as previsões falharam, ou o curso da história foi alterado pelo homem ao tomar conhecimento prévio dos problemas; os eventos inesperados não alteram permanentemente todos os sistemas e costumes; e, eventos aparentemente aleatórios possuem uma longa acumulação de tendências na superfície. Portanto, embora, não seja possível conhecer plenamente o futuro, pode-se reconhecer ou, pelo menos, ter uma indicação do que vai acontecer. Uma analogia pode ser feita comparando os cenários ao funcionamento dos faróis de um carro à noite. Embora não revelem tudo o que virá à frente, é impossível guiar o carro com os faróis apagados. Nesse sentido, esta tese buscou compreender como os cenários podem ser usados para a tomada de decisão em marketing. A partir do refinamento deste problema de pesquisa, chegou-se ao objetivo de analisar a elaboração de cenários, como um dos produtos possibilitados pelo Sistema de Informação de Marketing (SIM), para fins de aplicação em marketing. Para atingi-lo, inicialmente foi realizada uma revisão teórica do SIM e de cenários - congregando mais de 25 métodos - estes dois corpos teóricos foram aproximados, o que contribuiu por trazer para o centro das discussões a teoria de cenários, que até então era discutida de forma pouco aprofundada na literatura especializada de marketing. Na sequência, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo, de caráter exploratório e qualitativo, utilizando-se o método de estudo de casos múltiplos. Participaram da pesquisa 3 empresas de grande porte, com atuação em setores diferentes e presença em mais de 90 países. Concluiu-se que o SIM não pode mais ser entendido como o foi no passado, ou seja, como um sistema separado, pois agora ele é uma parte conectada ao sistema que auxilia a gestão da empresa como um todo. Os cenários, que são elaborados para serem utilizados na tomada de decisão de marketing, são um produto do Sistema de Apoio a Decisões de Marketing e são elaborados a partir da interpretação dos dados e das informações fornecidas pelos demais componentes do SIM: Registros Internos, Inteligência de Marketing e Pesquisa de Marketing. As informações originadas de cada um dos componentes se materializam como insumo principal ou secundário para a elaboração dos cenários, dependendo do tipo de pergunta que se coloca em relação ao futuro, ou seja, se o tomador de decisão quer saber \"o vai acontecer\", então são elaborados cenários preditivos, e os registros internos são o insumo principal para isso; já se a questão colocada for \"o que pode acontecer?\", o insumo principal são as informações originadas no Sistema de Inteligência de Marketing; por fim, se a questão é \"como uma meta específica pode ser alcançada?\", o insumo principal são os registros internos. A tese mostrou que os cenários podem ser usados em marketing para apoiar uma série de decisões que requerem uma melhor compreensão do comportamento futuro tanto do consumidor quanto da concorrência, com a finalidade de identificar oportunidades e riscos de mercado. Enfim, os cenários ajudam os gestores de marketing a estarem mais atentos a temas emergentes. / The sharp pace and magnitude of change in business and the economy defies stability in diverse industries, and there are no evidences that the world tomorrow will be less volatile and complicated. Therefore, information about what is known today is not sufficient for making good decisions: managers need to predict what will happen in a systematic way, so that they can manage the effects of change or, if possible, anticipate them, thereby shaping the future and not just responding to it when it changes. Since the emergence of future studies in business in the 1970s, there was a growth in using scenarios. However, this growth not departed discussions that addressed their actual contribution, supported on the following ideas: many forecast had not materialized, unexpected events change what is known; events happen randomly. However, such ideas were challenged whereas that it is not possible to know if the predictions failed, or the course of history was changed by man for having prior knowledge of problems; unexpected events not alter permanently all systems and customs; and apparently random events have a long accumulation of trends in surface. Therefore, although it is not possible to fully know the future, it can be recognize or at least have an indication of what will happen. An analogy can be made comparing the scenarios with the operation of the headlights of a car at night. Although not show everything that will come forward, it is impossible to drive the car with the headlights off. In this sense, this thesis asks how scenarios can be used for decision making in marketing, from the refinement of this research problem, the goal of analyzing the scenario development, as one of the products made possible by Marketing Information System (MIS), was reached. To achieve this, initially a theoretical review of the MIS and scenarios was conducted; these two theoretical bodies were approximate, which contributed to bringing the theory of scenarios to the center of the discussion, which until then was little discussed in the marketing literature. Qualitative and exploratory field research was carried out, using the method of multiple case studies. It was concluded that the MIS cannot be understood as it was in the past, as a separate system, because now it is connected to the system that assists the management of the company as a whole. The scenarios, which are designed to be used in marketing decision making, are a product of the Marketing Decision Support System and are drawn from the interpretation of the data and information provided by other components of the MIS: Internal Database, Marketing Intelligence, and Marketing Research. The information derived from each component materializes as primary or secondary input to the scenario\'s development, depending on the type of question that arises for the future, i.e., if the decision maker wants to know \"what will happen\", predictive scenarios are then elaborated, and the internal database is the main input for this; if the question is \"what can happen\", the main input is the information originating in the Marketing System and finally, if the question is \"how a specific goal can be achieved\", the main input is Internal Database. The literature and field research showed that scenarios can be used in marketing to support a series of decisions that require a better understanding of both the consumer and competitive future behavior, in order to identify opportunities and market risks. Finally, the scenarios help marketing managers\' attend to the emerging themes.